Chapter 9 Self-test questions

. On a per weight basis which foodstuffs generate most energy?

Proteins.

Carbohydrates.

Fats.

Fibre.

. Which hormone is secreted by the stomach when it is empty of food and stimulates appetite?

Ghrelin.

Secretin.

Leptin.

Cholecystokinin.

. Why is protein a necessary component of the diet?

It provides essential fatty acids.

Only half the amino acids found in proteins can be synthesised by the body.

It is necessary for gluconeogenesis.

It can be stored and used in fasting and starvation.

. Why do water soluble vitamins have to be taken in the diet more frequently than fat soluble vitamins?

They are metabolised faster than the fat soluble vitamins.

There are no extensive stores as any excess taken in the diet is excreted.

Only small amounts are present in foodstuffs.

They are destroyed by gastrointestinal flora.

. Which vitamin deficiency manifests itself as impaired wound healing, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sore and bleeding oral tissues?

Vitamin A

Folate

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

. Carbohydrate is strictly speaking not a dietary essential. Why is the inclusion of carbohydrate in the diet desirable?

It has a protein sparing effect.

It helps to avoid hypoglycaemia.

It stimulates the release of insulin.

It avoids using fat as a fuel.

. Pernicious anaemia is a condition caused by a deficiency of which vitamin ?

thiamin

vitamin B12

folate

vitamin C

. Which is the commonest cause of vitamin K deficiency in adults?

A vegan diet.

Long term antibiotic treatment.

A dairy free diet,

Long term corticosteroid treatment.

. Leptin deficiency leads to obesity through uncontrollable appetite and overeating. Why were attempts to cure obesity by leptin injections mostly unsuccessful?

Because leptin will denature if injected in the blood stream

Because leptin is a protein hormone with a very short half life

Because leptin cannot be absorbed from the blood stream

Because most obese people are not leptin deficient

. What is the condition resulting from deficiency of vitamin D in adults known as?

Osteomalacia.

Osteoporosis.

Osteopenia.

Osteoarthritis.

. Why are fat soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic if taken in excessive quantities than water soluble vitamins?

They are not easily excreted and accumulate in organs.

The body has lower tolerance to concentrations of fat soluble vitamins.

They are more likely to generate free radicals.

They can produce allergic reactions.

. The deficiency of this vitamin causes haemolytic anaemia because of fragile erythrocyte membranes. Which one is it?

Vitamin A.

Vitamin C.

Vitamin E.

Vitamin K.

Chapter 9 Self-test questions

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