* not completed

. A chemical reaction for which the associated enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive:

cannot occur spontaneously. correct incorrect

may occur spontaneously. correct incorrect

raises the temperature of the surroundings. correct incorrect

will inevitably occur spontaneously. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A chemical reaction for which the associated free energy change (ΔG) is large and negative:

cannot occur spontaneously. correct incorrect

is likely to be irreversible in the cell. correct incorrect

will inevitably occur spontaneously. correct incorrect

will occur very rapidly. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which one of the following statements about ATP is correct?

ATP can diffuse through cell membranes. correct incorrect

ATP is considered a low energy phosphate compound. correct incorrect

ATP is an unstable molecule. correct incorrect

Hydrolysis of ATP is a strongly exergonic reaction correct incorrect

* not completed

. ATP breakdown can drive energetically unfavourable chemical reactions in the cell via coupled reactions. What is the best definition of a coupled reaction?

Two or more reactions in which the product is the same in each reaction. correct incorrect

Two or more reactions in which the reactant is the same in each reaction. correct incorrect

Two or more reactions in which the product of one becomes the reactant for the next. correct incorrect

Two or more reactions that are catalysed by the same enzyme. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following features make inorganic pyrophosphate a high energy phosphate compound?

Decrease in entropy when it undergoes hydrolysis. correct incorrect

Low free energy release when it undergoes hydrolysis. correct incorrect

Reduced electrostatic repulsion when it is formed from phosphate ions. correct incorrect

Resonance stabilization of phosphate ions when it undergoes hydrolysis. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is the function of the enzyme adenylate kinase?

Coupling ATP hydrolysis to energetically unfavourable chemical reactions. correct incorrect

Formation of ATP in mitochondria. correct incorrect

'Rescue' of cellular AMP by converting it to ADP. correct incorrect

'Rescue' of cellular AMP by converting it to ATP. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The equilibrium constant, K_eq, for the reaction A + B ⇌ C + D is represented by which of the following expressions?

$\frac{\left[\mathrm{A}\right]+\left[\mathrm{B}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{C}\right]+\left[\mathrm{D}\right]}$ correct incorrect

$\frac{\left[\mathrm{A}\right]\left[\mathrm{B}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{C}\right]\left[\mathrm{D}\right]}$ correct incorrect

$\frac{\left[\mathrm{C}\right]+\left[\mathrm{D}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{A}\right]+\left[\mathrm{B}\right]}$ correct incorrect

$\frac{\left[\mathrm{C}\right]\left[\mathrm{D}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{A}\right]\left[\mathrm{B}\right]}$ correct incorrect

* not completed

. Standard conditions for biochemical reactions are correctly represented by which of the following?

1.0 M, 25 ^°C, and pH 0 correct incorrect

1.0 M, 37 ^°C, and pH 0 correct incorrect

0.1 M, 25 ^°C, and pH 0 correct incorrect

1.0 M, 25 ^°C, and pH 7 correct incorrect

* not completed

. 'The energy available to do useful work' is a description of which of the following terms?

Enthalpy. correct incorrect

Free energy. correct incorrect

Entropy. correct incorrect

Kinetic energy. correct incorrect

* not completed

. When a chemical system is at equilibrium, what is the value of the change in free energy, ΔG?

Greater than zero. correct incorrect

Zero. correct incorrect

Less than zero. correct incorrect

Unknown as it cannot be determined. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements best describes how a reaction is likely to behave if it has a large, negative value for ΔG?

The reaction will be at equilibrium. correct incorrect

The reaction is likely to happen to a small extent, with only a small amount of product formed. correct incorrect

The reaction will happen to a moderate extent, with about as much product being formed as reactant being left. correct incorrect

The reaction is likely to happen to a large extent, with large amounts of product formed. correct incorrect

* not completed

. The bond strength of a typical ionic bond is around:

0.4 -4 kJ mol^-1. correct incorrect

20 kJ mol^-1. correct incorrect

350 kJ mol^-1. correct incorrect

460 kJ mol^-1. correct incorrect