Chapter 17 Self-test questions

. Which of the following statements about fatty acid synthesis is correct?

Fatty acids can be used to synthesise glucose.

Fatty acids can be synthesised from glucose.

Fatty acids can be used to synthesise amino acids.

Fatty acids are important in protein synthesis.

. Which of the following statements about the mechanism of synthesis of fatty acids is correct?

Acetyl-CoA is the active donor of two carbon atoms in fatty acid synthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is the active donor of two carbon atoms in fatty acid synthesis.

Fatty acid synthesis is the reverse of β-oxidation of fatty acids.

Coenzyme A is the acyl group carrier of intermediates in fatty acid synthesis.

. Which of the following statements about the synthesis of fatty acids is correct?

NADH is used for fatty acid synthesis.

NADH is formed from fatty acid synthesis.

NADPH is used for fatty acid synthesis.

NADPH is formed from fatty acid synthesis.

. Which of the following statements about the use of citrate in fatty acid synthesis is correct?

Citrate transports reducing equivalents for fatty acid synthesis from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.

Citrate transports acetyl groups for fatty acid synthesis from the cytosol to the mitochondrion.

Citrate transports CO₂ for fatty acid synthesis from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.

Citrate transports acetyl groups for fatty acid synthesis from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.

. Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is not true?

Prostaglandins are eicosanoids made from saturated fatty acids.

Prostaglandins are eicosanoids made from unsaturated fatty acids.

Prostaglandins synthesized from arachidonic acid have a pain-relieving effect.

Prostaglandins synthesized from arachidonic acid have a fever-reducing effect.

. What makes malonyl CoA an important intermediate in fatty acid synthesis?

It activates the synthesis of NADPH which is necessary for fatty acid synthesis.

It inhibits the carnitine shuttle that takes fatty acids into the mitochondrion for oxidation.

It inhibits oxidative phosphorylation so that ATP is not produced when fat is synthesised as it is not needed.

It stimulates insulin release which is needed for fatty acid synthesis.

. How do drugs known as statins lower blood cholesterol (LDL) concentrations?

They inhibit cyclo-oxygenase.

They inhibit the synthesis of thromboxanes.

They inhibit acetyl CoA carboxylase.

They inhibit HMG CoA reductase.

. Which of the following statements about the general principles of fatty acid synthesis is correct?

Fatty acids cannot be synthesized from glucose.

Fatty acids can be converted to glucose.

Excess protein intake cannot lead to fat deposition.

Fatty acids can be synthesized from glucose.

. Which of the following statements about the formation of NADPH for the reductive steps of fatty acid synthesis is correct?

Reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis are obtained by transfer from mitochondrial NADH to cytoplasmic NADP+.

Reducing equivalents in the form of NADH required for fatty acid synthesis are obtained by transfer from mitochondrial NADH to cytoplasmic NAD+.

Reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis are transported by citrate from mitochondrial NADH to cytoplasmic NAD+.

Reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis are obtained from cytoplasmic NADH by transfer to cytoplasmic NADP+.

. Which of the following are common to the pathways of fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis in animals?

The active sites of the enzymes involved are found on one polypeptide chain.

NAD is involved in both oxidation and synthesis.

Oxidation and synthesis take place in the same cellular compartment.

Coenzyme A is involved in both oxidation and synthesis.

. What are considered to be the advantages of consuming large amounts of omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids?

They are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis by lowering blood cholesterol concentrations.

They have a lower calorie content than saturated fatty acids so they would prevent obesity.

They increase the production of prostaglandins in vascular endothelium.

They reduce the number of scavenger receptors which are associated with blockage of the lumen of arteries.

. What is the function of glycolysis in the adipocyte?

To produce ATP for energy.

To produce glycerol phosphate for esterification of fatty acids.

To avoid the production of ketone bodies.

To provide NADH to maintain the integrity of the adipocyte membrane.

Chapter 17 Self-test questions

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