Chapter 14 Self-test questions

. Which of the following statements about triacylglycerols is correct?

Triacylglycerols are carried in the blood bound to albumin.

Triacylglycerols are stored in all cells.

Triacylglycerols are oxidized to glycerol and fatty acids.

Triacylglycerols are hydrolysed to glycerol and fatty acids.

. Which of the following statements about fatty acids is correct?

Fatty acids are used as fuel molecules by all cells.

Fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl-CoA.

Fatty acids are hydrolysed to acetyl-CoA.

Fatty acids are converted to glucose in the liver.

. Which of the following statements about the activation of fatty acids is correct?

Fatty acid activation occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Fatty acid activation is catalysed by carnitine acyl transferase.

Fatty acid activation produces energy in the form of ATP.

Fatty acid activation requires energy in the form of ATP.

. Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is correct?

β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA's is catalyzed by lipases.

β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA's occurs in all cells.

β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA's requires ATP.

β-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA's occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

. Which of the following statements about the ketone body acetoacetate is not true?

Acetoacetate is oxidized to β-hydroxybutyrate.

Acetoacetate is produced from excess acetyl-CoA in the liver.

Acetoacetate spontaneously decarboxylates to acetone.

Acetoacetate is oxidized as a fuel in peripheral tissues.

. What would be the consequences of inhibiting the carnitine shuttle which transports fatty acids into the mitochondria?

Increase in blood glucose concentration.

Accumulation of fat droplets in liver and muscle.

Increase in fatty acid synthesis in the liver.

Low levels of long chain free fatty acids in the blood.

. The liver synthesizes ketone bodies e.g. acetoacetate and hydroxybutyrate in fasting and starvation but cannot utilize them. Why is that?

It lacks the enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase.

It lacks the enzyme CoA transferase.

It produces malonyl CoA which inhibits ketone body utilisation.

The carnitine shuttle exports acetoacetate out of the mitochondria and it cannot be metabolized in the cytosol.

. Which of the following statements about the oxidation of fatty acids is correct?

Fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes does not generate ATP.

Fatty acids are oxidised on the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Most fatty acids are oxidised in peroxisomes.

Fatty acid oxidation forms FADH₂ in the cytoplasm.

. Which of the following statements about the transport of fatty acyl-CoA derivatives (activated fatty acids) into the mitochondria is correct?

Only the acyl groups of fatty acyl-CoA derivatives are attached to carnitine.

Fatty acyl-CoA derivatives can diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix because they are hydrophobic.

Fatty acyl-CoAs are carried into the mitochondrial matrix by a carnitine shuttle.

Fatty acyl-CoAs are oxidised in the mitochondrial matrix because most of the ATP generated is needed there.

. Which of the following statements about the ketone bodies, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate is correct?

Muscles produce ketone bodies from fatty acids.

Adipose tissue can produce ketone bodies from its fat stores.

The liver produces acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate from fatty acids.

Acetoacetate is metabolised to acetate in peripheral tissues.

. How are non-esterified fatty acids (also known as free fatty acids) transported in the blood?

Attached to serum globulin.

In the form of lipoproteins.

They are free fatty acids so they do not need a transport protein.

Attached to serum albumin.

. Why is the production of ketone bodies in starvation a useful metabolic event?

Ketone bodies can be used by the red cell instead of glucose.

Ketone bodies can diffuse into brain cells and can be used by the brain limiting the need for glucose.

Ketone bodies can be used by the liver limiting the use of glucose.

Metabolism of ketone bodies yields more energy that metabolism of fatty acids.

Chapter 14 Self-test questions

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