Chapter 4 Self-Grading Quizzes

Research Foundations: Theory, Concepts, Measures
. ______ is not an element of a hypothesis.

. Conceptual definitions formed through inductive reasoning ______.

. Age is an example of an _____________ variable, whereas educational attainment is an example of a ______________ variable.

. If you are hypothesizing that owning a cat makes you more likely to support more spending on libraries, then cat ownership is the _____________ variable and supporting libraries is the ________ variable.

. You notice that, in your data, the more people spend on their cell phone service, the less satisfied they are with it. This would be described as:

. The difference between the observed value of a quality and the true value is called:

. Level of support for a specific political party is a ____________ concept, while which party you generally support is a ____________ concept.

. Looking at your data, you notice that older people support a given policy, but also that income is positively associated with both age and support for the policy. Income would therefore be considered a _________ variable.

. If you are gathering data to better understand about how experiences of race-based discrimination affect willingness to participate in municipal government, you are conducting:

. If you have developed the hypothesis that ownership of a car decreases support for carbon taxing, and are conducting a survey of car owners and non-car owners, you are conducting:

. Which of these is not a criterion for determining causality?

. Applied research is conducted to increase our understanding of the world, regardless of whether the results of the research have immediate or obvious applications.

. A multidimensional concept is one that encompasses different elements or dimensions.

. Nominal variables allow for the ranking of categories.

. A theory describes the relationship between variables.

. For a well-designed concept, the operational definition should be a good reflection of the conceptual definition.

. An indicator is a way of representing a concept concretely.

. An index is a collection of variables that collectively represent a concept.

. If two variables are strongly correlated, that means that one of them causes the other.

. The null hypothesis is that the two variables have no relationship with each other.

. Measurement validity can be increased by ensuring that your measure is reliable and valid.

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