Chapter 15 Online quizzes

'Limits to growth' describes what happens when exponential resource use meets finite resource availability. What is the major critique of limits to growth?

We can colonise Mars and expand there too.

We are able to export our damages, and import resources from elsewhere.

We can use technology to innovate and continue to grow while reducing resource inputs.

It does not include the concept of governance

Why are transdisciplinary approaches seen as useful in developing the understanding necessary to address complex problems?

They can result in new insights not possible when investigating through the lens of one discipline only.

They allow scientists to come together to learn from one another and integrate their insights holistically.

They involve many different stakeholders, making it easier to build consensus

All of these options are correct

What is the economic doughnut model?

A model which integrates both social and ecological factors in finding a just space for both environmental and social flourishing.

A model giving planetary boundaries to environmental pollutants

A concept for the sustainable management of fast food

A model for the development of diets in the nutrition transition

What is an example of indivisible interactions between sustainable development goals?

Boosting consumption for growth which counteracts waste reduction and climate mitigation

Improving water efficiency by constraining agricultural irrigation

Full protection of natural reserves which excludes all public access for recreation

Ending all forms of discrimination against women which ensures women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership

Which of the below is the clearest example of a trade-off between SDGs?

The trade-off between education, water use, and climate

The trade-off between increased consumption and the impacts on carbon, land, and water

The trade-off between equality, education, and democratic participation

The trade-off between food consumption and building quality

The golden rule is a principle of reciprocity: treat others as you would want to be treated. Why is the so-called 'discount rate' relevant to this principle?

The discount rate describes how you should discount another person's experiences with respect to your own.

The discount rate describes the discounting needed when weighing other species against our own.

The discount rate describes the value of monetary investments in other people over time.

The discount rate describes how we weight future generations' benefits against present costs of action.

Bangladesh and the Netherlands both contain important deltas. What aspects describe the difference between them?

Bangladesh has a lower income - limiting the investment in flood defences

The Netherlands has more technical capabilities - allowing it to build complex networks of dykes, dams, sluices etc.

The Netherlands has more skilled workers - allowing consistent innovation in the development of the flood protections.

All of these options are correct

What describes the shifting baseline syndrome?

The lowest population level viable for sustainable genetic diversity

The movement of planetary boundaries over time resulting in people accepting an increasingly degraded environment as the baseline which is sustainable

The increasing ocean height due to climate change resulting in people accepting an increasingly degraded environment as the baseline which is sustainable.

The shift in disciplinary research towards inter- and transdisciplinary research which improves the baseline of scientific knowledge.

The movement of expectations on environmental quality decreases with each new generation of people, as the new generation accepts an increasingly degraded environment as the baseline.

According to UN projections, what is the likely range of population expectations by 2100

6.5 to 8 billion

8 to 9.5 billion

9.5 to 11 billion

Above 11 billion

As of 2018, what is the income per day defined as the extreme poverty line?

$1.20

$1.00

$2.00

$1.90

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