Chapter 5 Self Quiz

The maxim Primum non nocere is often proclaimed as the fundamental principle in the ______________ tradition.

Examples of moral rules supported by the principle of nonmaleficence include all of the following except:

In the controversial case of Charlie Gard, the UK government rejected the parent's request to seek treatment abroad, on the following grounds:

Which of the following is a relevant moral distinction in deciding whether a medical intervention is ordinary (obligatory) or extraordinary (nonobligatory)?

Which of the following is not a condition that must be met in order for an act to be morally justified under the rule of double effect?

__________________ believe(s) that quality-of-life judgments shift the focus from whether treatments benefit patients to whether patients' lives are beneficial to them-a shift that opens the door to active, involuntary euthanasia.

In order to judge whether an act of either killing or letting die is justified or unjustified, we need to know information about:

About what percentage of those patients who request assistance in dying under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (ODWDA) decide not to ingest the prescribed drug?

Which of the following is not listed among the conditions that are sufficient for justified physician assistance in ending life?

An increasingly popular procedure for facilitating health care decisions in the case of diminished competency is the use of _______________, a type of advance directive in which one person assigns another person authority to perform specified actions on his or her behalf.

The problems of broad consent and group harm are illustrated by the case of diabetes research on the ____________ Indians.

Although it cannot be found in his written works, the maxim "Above all [or first], do no harm" is attributed to ______________.

In cases of risk imposition, both law and morality recognize a standard of _______ _______, which involves taking appropriate measures to avoid causing harm as the circumstances demand of a reasonable and prudent person.

Professional _____________ is an instance of negligence that involves failure to follow professional standards of care.

Traditionally, actions that result in a merely foreseen, unintended bad result could be justified under the rule of _________ _________.

Under the ___________ Death with Dignity Acta. ODWDA, physicians are permitted, under law, to write prescriptions for a lethal medication at a patient's request.

Lawyers, physicians, and writers in bioethics have almost universally condemned the actions of ______ ______, whose "death machine" was used to assist in patient suicide without administering adequate medical or psychological examinations to determine patient competence.

In the event that a patient loses the capacity to make decisions about medical care, a _________ must be chosen to make decisions on his or her behalf.

Obligations of nonmaleficence are always more stringent than obligations of beneficence.

Because secure anonymization is notoriously difficult to achieve, even anonymized biological samples can harm some personal and group interests and may violate the investigator-subject relationship.

It is not possible to be too overprotective when regulating research involving human subjects.

According to Beauchamp and Childress, the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary treatment is only relevant to the degree that it points to a quality-of-life criterion that balances benefits against burdens.

Physicians have no obligation to provide pointless, futile, or contraindicated treatments.

According to Beauchamp and Childress, nothing about either killing or allowing to die necessarily entails judgments about an act's actual wrongness or rightness.

An incompetent patient's closest family member should always have final authority as a surrogate decision maker.

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