Chapter 4 Self Quiz

. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for autonomous action?

. Which of the following is not a moral rule derived from the principle of respect for patient autonomy?

. The basic paradigm of the exercise of autonomy in health care and in research is ___________ consent.

. The criteria for judging a patient's competence to decide is relative to:

. In the famous case of ____________________, informed consent was not reached because a key factor (inevitable sterilization as a result of the procedure) was not disclosed to the patient.

. ______________ occurs if and only if one person intentionally uses a credible and severe threat of harm or force to control another.

. In the ______________ syphilis study, researchers unjustifiably used various offers (free meals, transportation, and burial assistance) to stimulate and sustain subjects' participation.

. Which of the following is a single core meaning of the word competence that applies in all contexts?

. The ___________ ___________ standard of surrogate decision making applies exclusively to formerly autonomous, now-incompetent patients who have expressed a relevant, autonomous treatment preference.

. According to Beauchamp and Childress, the principle of respect for autonomy, being more foundational, has moral priority over other principles.

. The lines between adequate and inadequate degrees of understanding and degrees of control must be determined in light of specific objectives of decision making.

. Because moral status and moral respect are dependent upon the autonomy of the agent, one ought to resist making judgments about a patient's level of autonomy.

. Voluntary, informed consent is a necessary and sufficient condition for medical interventions and research involving human subjects.

. The level of evidence for determining competence should vary according to the level of risk involved in making the decision.

. If ignorance prevents an informed choice, it may be permissible or possibly even obligatory to promote autonomy by attempting to impose unwelcome information.

. The most appropriate standard of surrogate decision making for never-competent patients is the substituted judgment standard.

. Virtually all theories of autonomy view the following two conditions as essential for autonomy: _________ and __________.

. Expressed as a ____________ obligation, the principle of respect for autonomy requires both respectful treatment in disclosing information and actions that foster autonomous decision making.

. ____________ consent. (whether implied or presumed) occurs silently or passively through omissions.

. The level of a person's capacity to decide will rise as the ___________ of the task or decision increases.

. The ______________ standard of disclosure judges the adequacy of information to be disclosed by reference to the specific informational needs of the individual person.

. The term "___________ ____________" refers to a circumstance in which research subjects fail to adequately understand the purpose and aims of research, mistakenly believing that their participation is primarily therapeutic in nature.

. The __________ ____________ standard for surrogate decision making requires the surrogate to determine the highest probable net benefit among the available options.

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