Learning about work through a lifetime of communication.

Self-imposed suppression of dissent in upward messages.

Informal chain of communication that spreads through an organization, often leading to message distortion.

Drive, visible interest, and the incentive to produce.

Messages that move from boss to subordinate, higher rank to lower rank.

A system whose components continuously interact not only with one another, but with the environment outside the system.

Levels of power within the organization.

An organization that effectively socializes and assimilates its members.

Guardians of the organization’s cultural values. They are much respected by all levels of the hierarchy and know the organization’s history.

An organization's members who put their own take on daily events and provide entertainment.

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