Chapter 16 Multiple choice questions

. China's _________ is a multi-domain approach to improve China's image globally by taking down Domain Name System (DNS) servers (often referred to as the phone book of the Internet) that supply what Beijing perceives to be anti-Chinese content and by hacking Western journalists directly.

Great Firewall

Great Cannon

Great Armada

Great Shield

. The ______ layer of cyber space is comprised of computer code and language, which is manipulated to inflict a loss for the target or a gain for the initiating actor.

physical

cognitive

interstitial

syntactic

. 'Cyber conflict' refers to…

'hostile actions in cyberspace that have effects that amplify or are equivalent to major kinetic violence' (Nye 2011: 20–1).

'the use of digital technologies in military interactions or military affairs in the realm of international affairs'.

'hostile actions in cyberspace that have effects that amplify or are equivalent to major kinetic violence' (Nye 2011: 20–1) and 'the use of digital technologies in military interactions or military affairs in the realm of international affairs'.

'the Internet of networked computers, but also intranets, cellular technologies, fibre optic cables, and spaced-based communications' (Nye 2011: 19).

. "Confirmation bias'…

is the human tendency to rely on an existing idea as a 'lens' to view further information on a given subject, rejecting information that conflicts with the pre-existing concepts and beliefs that shape an individual's perceptions.

is exacerbated by the way human brains process information depicted in quick image bites on social media.

has been weaponized by actors such as Russia.

All the given answers are correct.

. Latent power indices, which measure the capabilities of states that have the potential for coercive effect, include which of the following?

Measures of technology exports

The number of broadband subscriptions

Measures of human capital

All the given answers are correct.

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