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- Ian Brown , ‘ The Agent’s Apparent Authority: Paradigm or Paradox? ’ [1995] JBL 360. Discusses the case of First Energy (UK) Ltd v Hungarian International Bank Ltd and contends that orthodox agency principles should be expanded to support the principles established in the case.
- GHL Fridman , ‘ The Demise of Watteau v Fenwick : Sign-O-Lite Ltd v Metropolitan Life Insurance Co ’ (1991) 70 Can Bar Rev 329. Discusses the case of Watteau v Fenwick and contends that the English courts should follow their Canadian counterparts in declaring the case to be defunct.
- Roderick Munday , Agency: Law and Principles (4th edn, OUP 2022) chs 3 and 4 Chapter 3 focuses on an agent’s actual authority, whilst chapter 4 discusses the apparent authority of an agent.
- FMB Reynolds , ‘ The Ultimate Apparent Authority ’ (1994) 110 LQR 21 Discusses the relationship between First Energy (UK) Ltd v Hungarian International Bank Ltd and Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA (The Ocean Frost) .
- Peter G Watts , Bowstead & Reynolds on Agency (22nd edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2021) chs 3 and 8. Provides a detailed account of the law relating to actual and apparent authority.