Chapter 19 Self-test questions

* not completed

. Which of the following are correct? Please select all that apply.

Uncertainty is introduced into international sales because the English courts favour party autonomy. correct incorrect

Trading face to face involves a lower risk than trading at a distance. correct incorrect

Typically, there will be greater difficulties for a seller in an international sale if the buyer fails to pay than in a domestic transaction. correct incorrect

The possibility of having to sue or of being sued in a foreign country adds risk to international sales. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A person in lawful possession of a bill of lading will have the right to sue the carrier in respect of the contract of carriage of the goods identified in the bill. correct incorrect

A person in lawful possession of a bill of lading is also the lawful owner of the goods named in it. correct incorrect

A bill of lading is a receipt issued by the carrier for the goods named in it. correct incorrect

Bills of lading can be used to perpetrate fraud. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements are true?

Documentary sales are designed solely to protect the interests of banks. correct incorrect

Documentary sales are designed solely to protect the interests of banks and sellers. correct incorrect

Documentary sales are designed solely to protect the interests of banks and buyers. correct incorrect

Documentary sales are designed solely to protect the interests of banks, buyers, and sellers. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A bill of lading which states that the goods are in the hands of the carrier and are to be loaded on a ship is called a ____ ____ ____ bill.

Your response

* not completed

. Which of the following statements are correct? Please select all that apply.

A bill of lading that stated that the goods were 'loaded in apparent good order and condition' would be classified as 'clean'. correct incorrect

A bill of lading that stated that the goods were 'loaded in apparent good order and condition - damaged before voyage commenced' would not be classified as 'clean'. correct incorrect

A bill of lading that stated that the goods were 'received in apparent good order and condition - damaged before loading complete' would be classified as 'clean'. correct incorrect

A bill of lading that stated that the goods were 'loaded' would not be classified as 'clean'. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements are correct? Please select all that apply.

By virtue of the rule in Grant v Norway, if the carrier can prove that no goods matching the description on a bill of lading have been loaded, the holder of a bill of lading has no claim against the carrier for non-delivery. correct incorrect

It is clear that in English law a statement in a bill of lading that a certain quantity of goods has been loaded becomes a term of the contract between the carrier and a holder of a bill of lading. correct incorrect

A statement in a bill of lading that the goods were 'loaded in apparent good order and condition' is not a representation that the goods are undamaged. correct incorrect

Even where the Hague Visby Rules apply to a bill of lading, a carrier can refuse to make representations about the weight size, number, quantity, or quality of the goods described. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements are correct? Please select all that apply.

A 'shipped' bill of lading should not be issued until all of the goods identified on it have been loaded. correct incorrect

The date on a bill of lading may affect the rights of the parties to the contract of sale of the goods it identifies. correct incorrect

A carrier who knowingly misdates a bill of lading is open to a claim in the tort of deceit by a holder of the bill. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A bill of lading fulfils three main roles: it is a receipt, it evidences the ___ __ ___, and it is a document of title to the goods.

Your response

* not completed

. A bill of lading which states that the goods are consigned to a named person without more is known as a ___ consigned bill.

Your response

* not completed

. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A carrier is not entitled to release goods which are the subject of a bill of lading without receipt of the bill, nor is it legally safe for him to do so. correct incorrect

More than one original bill of lading may be issued and, unless the bill states the contrary, the carrier may release the goods against tender of any one of the bills correct incorrect

The holder of a bill of lading is entitled to receipt of the goods from the carrier on tendering the bill. correct incorrect

A carrier might be able to draft a clause which exempts him from liability for delivering goods without receipt of a bill of lading. correct incorrect