Abu-Shaar, M. and R. S. Mann. 1998. Generation of multiple antagonistic domains along the proximodistal axis during Drosophila leg development. Development 125: 3821–3830.
Aihara, M. and S. Amemiya. 2001. Left-right positioning of the adult rudiment in sea urchin larvae is directed by the right side. Development 128: 4935–4948.
Allen, B. M. 1916. Extirpation of the hypophysis and thyroid glands of Rana pipiens. Anat. Rec. 11: 486.
Alley, K. E. and M. D. Barnes. 1983. Birthdates of trigeminal motor neurons and metamorphic reorganization of the jaw myoneural system in frogs. J. Comp. Neurol. 218: 395–405.
Ashburner, M. 1972. Patterns of puffing activity in the salivary glands of Drosophila. VI. Induction by ecdysone in salivary glands of D. melanogaster cultured in vitro. Chromosoma 38: 255–281.
Ashburner, M. 1974. Sequential gene activation by ecdysone in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Dev. Biol. 39: 141–157.
Ashburner, M. 1990. Puffs, genes, and hormones revisited. Cell 61: 1–3.
Ashburner, M. and H. D. Berondes. 1978. Puffing of polytene chromosomes. In M. Ashburner and E. Novitski, The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila, Vol. 2B. Academic Press, New York, 316–395.
Atkinson, B. G., C. Helbing and Y. Chen. 1996. Reprogramming of genes expressed in amphibian liver during metamorphosis. In L. I. Gilbert, B. G. Atkinson and J. R. Tata (eds.), Metamorphosis: Postembryonic Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Amphibian and Insect Cells. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 539–566.
Atkinson, B. G., A. S. Warkman and Y. Chen. 1998. Thyroid hormone induces a reprogramming of gene expression in the liver of premetamorphic Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Wound Repair Regen. 6: 323–337.
Bangi, E. and K. Wharton. 2006. Dpp and Gbb exhibit different effective ranges in the establishment of the BMP activity gradient critical for Drosophila wing patterning. Dev. Biol. 295: 178–193.
Bao, B., G. Yang, Z. Liu, S. Li, Z. Wang and D. Ren. 2005. Isolation of SFRS3gene and its differential expression during metamorphosis involving eye migration of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1725: 64–70.
Becker, K. B., K. C. Stephens, J. C. Davey, M. J. Schneider and V. A. Galton. 1997. The type 2 and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinases play important roles in coordinating development in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Endocrinology 138: 2989–2997.
Berry, D. L., C. S. Rose, B. F. Remo and D. D. Brown. 1998. The expression pattern of thyroid hormone response genes in remodeling tadpole tissues defines distinct growth and resorption gene expression patterns. Dev. Biol. 203: 24–35.
Blair, S. S. 1993. Mechanisms of compartment formation: Evidence that non-proliferating cells do not play a role in defining the D/V lineage restriction in the developing wing of Drosophila. Development 119: 339–351.
Boatright-Horowitz, S. S. and A. M. Simmons. 1997. Transient “deafness” accompanies auditory development during metamorphosis from tadpole to frog. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14877–14882.
Bryant, P. J. 1970. Cell lineage relationships in the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev. Biol. 22: 389–411.
Buchholz, D. R., S. C. Hsia, L. Fu and Y. B. Shi. 2003. A dominant-negative thyroid hormone receptor blocks amphibian metamorphosis by retaining corepressors at target genes. Mol. Cell Biol. 23: 6750–6758.
Bury, H. 1895. The metamorphosis of echinoderms. Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 29: 45–135.
Buszczak, M. and W. A. Segraves. 2000. Insect metamorphosis: Out with the old, in with the new. Curr. Biol. 10: R830–R833.
Cai, L. and D. D. Brown. 2004. Expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase marks the time that a tissue responds to thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Biol. 266: 87–95.
Cai, L., B. Das and D. D. Brown. 2007. Changing a limb muscle growth program into a resorption program. Dev. Biol. 304: 260–271.
Campanale, J. P., T. Gökirmak, J. A. Espinoza, N. Oulhen, G. M. Wessel and A. Hamdoun. 2014. Migration of sea urchin primordial germ cells. Dev. Dyn. 243: 917– 927.
Causo, J. P., M. Bate and A. Martinez-Arias. 1993. A wingless-dependent polar coordinate system in Drosophila imaginal discs. Science 259: 484–489.
Charles, J. P., T. Iwema, V. C. Epa, K. Takaki, J. Rynes and M. Jindra. 2011. Ligand-binding properties of a juvenile hormone receptor, Methoprene-tolerant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108: 21128–21133.
Chino, Y., M. Saito, K. Yamasu, T. Suyemitsu and K. Ishikawa. 1994. Formation of adult rudiment of sea urchins is influenced by thyroid hormones. Dev. Biol. 161: 1–11.
Clever, U. 1966. Induction and repression of a puff in Chironomus tentans. Dev. Biol. 14: 421–438.
Cohen, P. P. 1970. Biochemical differentiation during amphibian metamorphosis. Science 168: 533–543.
Condic, M. L., D. Fristrom and J. W. Fristrom. 1991. Apical cell shape changes during Drosophila imaginal leg disc elongation: A novel morphogenetic mechanism. Development 111: 23–33.
Crossgrove, K., C. A. Bayer, J. W. Fristrom and G. M. Guild. 1996. The Drosophila Broad complex early gene directly regulates late gene transcription during the ecdysone-induced puffing cascade. Dev. Biol. 180: 745–758.
Currie, J. and W. M. Cowan. 1974. Evidence for the late development of the uncrossed retinothalamic projections in the frog Rana pipiens. Brain Res. 71: 133–139.
Degnan, S. M. and B. Degnan. 2010. The initiation of metamorphosis as an ancient polyphonic trait and its role in metazoan life-cycle evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 365B: 641–651.
Denver, R. 1993. Acceleration of anuran amphibian metamorphosis by corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 91: 38–51.
Denver, R. 2003. The vertebrate neuroendocrine stress system and its role in orchestrating life history transitions. Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Annual Meeting.
Diaz-Benjumea, F. J. and S. M. Cohen. 1993. Interaction between dorsal and ventral cells in the imaginal disc directs wing development in Drosophila. Cell 75: 741–752.
Eliceiri, B. P. and D. D. Brown. 1994. Quantitation of endogenous thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 24459–24465.
Emery, I. F., V. Bedian and G. M. Guild. 1994. Differential expression of Broad-Complex transcription factors may forecast tissue-specific developmental fates during Drosophila metamorphosis. Development 120: 3275–3287.
Fallon, J. F. and B. K. Simandl. 1978. Evidence of a role for cell death in the disappearance of the embryonic human tail. Am. J. Anat. 152: 111–130.
Fristrom, D. and J. W. Fristrom. 1975. The mechanisms of evagination of imaginal disks of Drosophila melanogaster. I. General considerations. Dev. Biol. 43: 1–23.
Fristrom, J. W. 1972. The biochemistry of imaginal disc development. In H. Ursprung and R. Nothiger (eds.), The Biology of Imaginal Discs. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 109–154.
Fristrom, J. W., D. Fristrom, E. Fekete and A. H. Kuniyuki. 1977. The mechanism of evagination of imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Am. Zool. 17: 671–684.
Fritzsch, B., U. Wahnschaffe and U. Bartsch. 1988. Metamorphic changes in the octavo-lateralis system of amphibians. In B. Fritzsch et al. (eds.), The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System. Wiley, Chichester, 561–586.
Fu, L., A. Ishizuka-Oka, D. R. Buchholz, T. Amano, H. Matsuda, and Y. B. Shi. 2005. A causative role of stromelysin-3 in extracellular matrix remodeling and epithelial apoptosis during intestinal metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 27856–27865.
Garcia-Bellido, A., P. Ripoll and G. Morata. 1973. Developmental compartmentalization of the wing disc of Drosophila. Nat. New Biol. 245: 251–253.
Gaylord, B., J. Hodin and M. C. Ferner. 2013. Turbulent shear spurs settlement in larval sea urchins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110: 6901–6906.
Geigy, R. 1941. Die metamorphose als Folge gewebsspezifischer determination. Rev. Suisse Zool. 48: 483–494.
Gilbert, L. I. and W. Goodman. 1981. Chemistry, metabolism, and transport of hormones controlling insect metamorphosis. In L. I. Gilbert and E. Frieden (eds.), Metamorphosis: A Problem in Developmental Biology. Plenum, New York, 139–176.
Grimaldi, A., N. Buisine, T. Miller, Y. B. Shi and L. M. Sachs. 2012. Mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor action during development: Lessons from amphibian studies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1830: 3882–3892.
Grimaldi, A., N. Buisine, T. Miller, Y. B. Shi and L. M. Sachs. 2013. 1830: 3882–3892.
Grobstein, P. 1987. On beyond neuronal specificity: Problems in going from cells to networks and from networks to behavior. In P. Shinkman (ed.), Advances in Neural and Behavioral Development, Vol. 3. Ablex, Norwood, NJ, 1–58.
Gronemeyer, H. and O. Pongs. 1980. Localization of ecdysterone on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 2108–2112.
Gross, J. B. and J. Hanken. 2005. Cranial neural crest contributes to the bony vault in adult Xenopus laevis: Insights from cell labeling studies. J. Exp. Zool. 304B: 169–176.
Guay, P. S. and G. M. Guild. 1991. The ecdysone-induced puffing cascade in Drosophila salivary glands: A broad-complex early gene regulates intermolt and late gene transcription. Genetics 129: 169–175.
Gudernatsch, J. F. 1912. Feeding experiments on tadpoles. I. The influence of specific organs given as food on growth and differentiation: A contribution to the knowledge of organs with internal secretion. Wilhelm Roux Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 35: 457–483.
Hamaratoglu, F., M. Affolter and G. Pyrowolakis. 2014. Dpp/BMP signaling in flies: From molecules to biology. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 32: 128–136.
Hanken, J. and B. K. Hall. 1988. Skull development during anuran metamorphosis. II. Role of thyroid hormones in osteogenesis. Anat. Embryol. 178: 219–227.
Hariharan, I. K. 2015. Organ size control: Lessons from Drosophila. Dev. Cell 34: 255–265.
Hasebe, T., H. Oshima, K. Kawamura, and S. Kikuyama. 1999. Rapid and selective removal of larval erythrocytes from systemic circulation during metamorphosis of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Dev. Growth Differ. 41: 639–643.
Hasebe, T., L. Fu, T. C. Miller, Y. Zhang, Y. B. Shi and A. Ishizuya-Oka. 2013. Thyroid hormone-induced cell-cell interactions are required for the development of adult intestinal stem cells. Cell Biosci. 3: 18.
Hashimoto, H., A. Mizuta, N. Okada, T. Suzuki, M. Tagawa, K. Tabata, Y. Yokoyama, M. Sakaguchi, M. Tanaka and H. Toyohara. 2002. Isolation and characterization of a Japanese flounder clonal line, reversed, which exhibits reversal of metamorphic left-right asymmetry. Mech. Dev. 111: 17–24.
Heyland, A. and J. Hodin. 2004. Heterochronic developmental shift caused by thyroid hormones in larval sand dollars and its implications for phenotypic plasticity and the evolution of nonfeeding development. Evolution 58: 524–538.
Hiruma, K. and Y. Kaneko. 2013. Hormonal regulation of insect metamorphosis with special reference to juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 103: 73–100.
Ho, K. S., K. Suyama, M. Fish, and M. P. Scott. 2005. Differential regulation of Hedgehog target gene transcription by Costal2 and suppressor of fused. Development 132: 1401–1412.
Hoskins, S. G. and P. Grobstein. 1984. Induction of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in Xenopus laevis by thyroxine. Nature 307: 730–733.
Hoskins, S. G. and P. Grobstein. 1985a. Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. I. Retinal distribution of ipsilaterally projecting cells in normal and experimentally manipulated frogs. J. Neurosci. 5: 911–919.
Hoskins, S. G. and P. Grobstein. 1985b. Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. II. Ingrowth of optic nerve fibers and production of ipsilaterally projecting cells. J. Neurosci. 5: 920–929.
Huang, H., N. Marsh-Armstrong and D. D. Brown. 1999. Metamorphosis is inhibited in transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles that overexpress type III deiodinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 962–967.
Huang, H., L. Cai, B. F. Remo and D. D. Brown. 2001. Timing of metamorphosis and the onset of the negative feedback loop between the thyroid gland and the pituitary is controlled by type II iodothyronine deiodinase in Xenopus laevis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 7348–7353.
Ishizuya-Oka, A., S. Ueda, T. Amano, K. Shimizu, K. Suzuki, N. Ueno and K. Yoshizato. 2001. Thyroid-hormone-dependent and fibroblast-specific expression of BMP-4 correlates with adult epithelial development during amphibian intestinal remodeling. Cell Tissue Res. 303: 187–195.
Jacobs, M. W., S. M. Degnan, R. Woods, E. Williams, K. E. Roper, K. Green and B. M. Degnan. 2006. The effect of larval age on morphology and gene expression during ascidian metamorphosis. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46: 760–776.
Jagersten, G. 1972. Evolution of the Metazoan Life Cycle. Academic Press, London.
Jenner, R. A. 2000. Evolution of animal body plans: The role of metazoan phylogeny at the interface between pattern and process. Evol. Dev. 2: 208–221.
Jiang, C., A. F. Lamblin, H. Steller and C. S. Thummel. 2000. A steroid-triggered transcriptional hierarchy controls salivary gland cell death during Drosophila metamorphosis. Mol. Cell 5: 445–455.
Johnston, D. M., Y. Sedkov, S. Petruk, K. M. Riley, M. Fujioka, J. B. Jaynes and A. Mazo. 2011. Ecdysone- and NO-mediated gene regulation by competing EcR/Usp and E75A nuclear receptors during Drosophila development. Mol. Cell 44: 51–61.
Kaltenbach, J. C., A. E. Fry and V. K. Leius. 1979. Histochemical patterns in the tadpole tail during normal and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. II. Succinic dehydrogenase, Mg- and Ca-adenosine triphosphatases, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and 5¢-nucleotidase. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 38: 111–126.
Kawahara, A., Y. Gohda and A. Hikosaka. 1999. Role of type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase gene expression in temporal regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis. Dev. Growth Diff. 41: 365–373.
Kim, J., A. Sebring, J. J. Esch, M. E. Kraus, K. Vorwerk, J. Magee and S. B. Carroll. 1996. Integration of positional information and identity by Drosophilavestigial gene. Nature 382: 133–138.
King-Jones, K., J.-P. Charles, G. lam, and C. S. Thummel. 2005. The ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila. Cell 121: 773–784.
Kistler, A., K. Yoshizato and E. Frieden. 1977. Preferential binding of tri-substituted thyronine analogs by bullfrog tadpole tail fin cytosol. Endocrinology 100: 134–137.
Koelle, M. R., W. S. Talbot, W. A. Segraves, M. T. Bender, P. Cherbas and D. S. Hogness. 1991. The drosophila EcR gene encodes an ecdysone receptor, a new member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Cell 67: 59–77.
Kollros, J. J. 1961. Mechanisms of amphibian metamorphosis: Hormones. Am. Zool. 1: 107–114.
Konopova, B. and M. Jindra. 2007. Juvenile hormone resistance gene Methoprene-tolerant controls entry into metamorphosis in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 10488–10493.
Kulkarni, S. S. and D. R. Buchholz. 2014. Coticosteroid signaling in frog metamorphosis. Gen. Comp. Endocr. 203: 225–231.
Li, M., E. A. Mead, and J. Zhu. 2011. Heterodimer of two bHLH-PAS proteins mediates juvenile hormone-induced gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108: 638–643.
Luo, Y. J. and Y. H. Su. 2012. Opposing nodal and BMP signals regulate left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin larva. PLOS Biol. 10: e1001402.
Mangelsdorf, D. J. and R. M. Evans. 1995. The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83: 841–850.
Marsh-Armstrong, N., H. Huang, B. F. Remo, T. T. Liu and D. D. Brown. 1999. Asymmetric growth and development of the Xenopus laevis retina during metamorphosis is controlled by type III deiodinase. Neuron 24: 871–878.
Marsh-Armstrong, N., L. Cai, and D. D. Brown. 2004. Thyroid hormone controls the development of connections between the spinal cord and limbs during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 165–170.
Martik, M. L. and D. R. McClay. 2015. Deployment of a retinal determination gene network drives directed cell migration in the sea urchin embryo. eLife 4: e08827.
Matsuda, S. and O. Shimmi. 2012. Directional transport and active retention of Dpp/BMP create wing vein patterns in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 366: 153–162.
McCutcheon, F. H. 1936. Hemoglobin function during the life history of the bullfrog. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 8: 63–81.
Meinhardt, H. 1980. Cooperation of compartments for the generation of positional information. Z. Naturforsch. 35C: 1086–1091.
Merian, M. S. 1705. Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Gerald Valck, Amsterdam.
Milán, M., L. Pérez and S. M. Cohen. 2005. Boundary formation in the Drosophila wing: Functional dissection of Capricious and Tartan. Dev. Dyn. 233: 804–810.
Minakuchi, C., X. Zhou and L. M. Riddiford. 2008. Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) mediates juvenile hormone action during metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. Mech. Dev. 125: 91–105.
Minsuk, S. B., F. R. Turner, M. E. Andrews, and R. A. Raff. 2009. Axial patterning of the pentaradial adult echinoderm body plan. Dev. Genes Evol. 219: 89–101.
Mukhi, S., L. Cai and D. D. Brown. 2010. Gene switching at Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. Dev. Biol. 338: 117–126.
Nakagawa, S., C. Brennan, K. G. Johnson, D. Shewan, W. A. Harris and C. E. Holt. 2000. Ephrin-B regulates the ipsilateral routing of retinal axons at the optic chiasm. Neuron 25: 599–610.
Nakajima, K. and Y. Yaoita. 2003. Dual mechanisms governing muscle cell death in tadpole tail during amphibian metamorphosis. Dev. Dyn. 227: 246–255.
Nakajima, K., K. Fujimoto and Y. Yaoita. 2005. Programmed cell death during amphibian metamorphosis. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 16: 271–280.
Neumann, C. J. and S. M. Cohen. 1996. Distinct mitogenic and cell fate specification functions of wingless in different regions of the wing. Development 122: 1781–1789.
Neumann, C. J. and S. M. Cohen. 1997. Long-range action of Wingless organizes the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila wing. Development 124: 871–880.
Nielsen, S. J., T. Harder and P. D. Steinberg. 2015. Sea urchin larvae decipher the epiphytic bacterial community composition when selecting sites for attachment and metamorphosis. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 91: 1–9.
Nijhout, H. F. 1994. Insect Hormones. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Nijhout, H. F. and C. M. Williams. 1974. Control of moulting and metamorphosis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta: Cessation of juvenile hormone secretion as a trigger for pupation. J. Exp. Biol. 61: 493–501.
Oofusa, K. and K. Yoshizato. 1991. Biochemical and immunological characterization of collagenase in tissues of metamorphosing bullfrog tadpoles. Dev. Growth Diff. 33: 329–339.
Ou, Q., A. Magico and K. King-Jones. 2011. Nuclear receptor DHR4 controls the timing of steroid hormone pulses during Drosophila development. PLOS Biol 9: e1001160.
Patterson, D., W. P. Hayes and Y. B. Shi. 1995. Transcriptional activation of the metalloproteinase gene stromelysin-3 coincides with thyroid hormone-induced cell death during frog metamorphosis. Dev. Biol. 167: 252–262.
Raff, R. A. and E. C. Raff. 2009. Evolution in the light of Embryos: Seeking the origins of novelties in ontogeny. In M. D. Laubichler and J. Maienschein (eds.), Form and Function in Developmental Evolution. Cambridge University Press, New York, 83–111.
Rewitz, K. F., N. Yamanaka, L. I. Gilbert and M. B. O’Connor. 2009. The insect neuropeptide PTTH activates receptor tyrosine kinase torso to initiate metamorphosis. Science 326: 403–405.
Riddiford, L. M. 1972. Juvenile hormone in relation to the larval-pupal transformation of the Cecropia silkworm. Biol. Bull. 142: 310–325.
Riddiford, L. M. 1982. Changes in translatable mRNAs during the larval-pupal transformation of the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm. Dev. Biol. 92: 330–342.
Riddiford, L. M. 1996. Molecular aspects of juvenile hormone action in insect metamorphosis. In L. I. Gilbert, J. R. Tata and B. G. Atkinson (eds.), Metamorphosis: Postembryonic Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Amphibian and Insect Cells. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 223–251.
Riggs, A. F. 1951. The metamorphosis of hemoglobin in the bullfrog. J. Gen. Physiol. 35: 23–40.
Robinson, H., S. Chaffee and V. A. Galton. 1977. Sensitivity of Xenopus laevis tadpole tail tissue to the action of thyroid hormones. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 32: 179–186.
Rogulja, D. and K. D. Irvine. 2005. Regulation of cell proliferation by a morphogen gradient. Cell 123: 449–461.
Rountree, D. B. and W. E. Bollenbacher. 1986. The release of the prothoracicotropic hormone in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is controlled intrinsically by juvenile hormone. J. Exp. Biol. 120: 41–58.
Rouse, G. W. 2000. The epitome of handwaving? Larval feeding and hypotheses of metazoan phylogeny. Evol. Dev. 2: 222–233.
Rowe, I., K. Le Blay, D. Du Pasquier, K. Palmier, G. Levi, B. Demeneix and L. Coen. 2005. Apoptosis of tail muscle during amphibian metamorphosis involves a caspase-9-dependent mechanism. Dev. Dyn. 233: 76–87.
Rowley, R. J. 1989. Settlement and recruitment of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus spp.) in a sea-urchin barren ground and a kelp bed: Are populations regulated by settlement or post-settlement processes? Mar. Biol. 100: 485–494.
Sachs, L. M., T. Amano, N. Rouse and Y.-B. Shi. 2001. Involvement of histone deacetylase at two distinct steps in gene regulation during intestinal development in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Dyn. 222: 280–291.
Safranek, L. and C. M. Williams. 1989. Inactivation of the corpora allata in the final instar of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, requires integrity of certain neural pathways from the brain. Biol. Bull. 177: 396–400.
Saxén, L., E. Saxén, S. Toivonen and K. Salimäki. 1957. The anterior pituitary and the thyroid function during normal and abnormal development of the frog. Ann. Zool. Soc. Fennicae Vanamo 18: 1–44.
Schreiber, A. M., B. Das, H. Huang, N. Marsh-Armstrong and D. D. Brown. 2001. Diverse developmental programs of Xenopus laevis metamorphosis are inhibited by a dominant negative thyroid hormone receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 10739–10744.
Schreiber, A. M., L. Cai and D. D. Brown. 2005. Remodeling of the intestine during metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 3720–3725.
Schubiger, G. 1968. Anlageplan, Determinationszustand, und Transdeterminationsleistungen der männlichen Vorderbeinschiebe von Drosophila melanogaster. Wilhelm Roux Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 160: 9–40.
Schwind, J. L. 1933. Tissue specificity at the time of metamorphosis in frog larvae. J. Exp. Zool. 66: 1–14.
Sedkov, Y., E. Cho, S. Petruk, L. Cherbas, S. T. Smith, R. S. Jones, P. Cherbas, E. Canaani, J. B. Jaynes and A. Mazo. 2003. Methylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 in ecdysone-dependent development of Drosophila. Nature 426: 78–83.
Sternberg, R. M., K. R. Thoemke, J. J. Korte, S. M. Moen, J. M. Olson, L. Korte, J. E. Tietge and S. J. Degitz Jr. 2011. Control of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone synthesis and secretion by thyroid hormones during Xenopus metamorphosis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 173: 428–437.
Stolow, M. A. and Y. B. Shi. 1995. Xenopus Sonic hedgehog as a potential morphogen during embryogenesis and thyroid hormone dependent metamorphosis. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 2555–2562.
Suzuki, K., R. Utoh, K. Kotani, M. Obara and K. Yoshizato. 2002. Lineage of anuran epidermal basal cells and their differentiation potential in relation to metamorphic skin remodeling. Dev. Growth Diff. 44: 225–238.
Swammerdam, J. 1737. Biblia naturae. Herdruk van uitgave: Leyden.
Szamborska-Gbur, A., G. Rymarczyk, M. Orlowski, T. Kuzynowski, M. Jakób, A. Dziedzic-Letka, A. Górecki, P. Dobryszycki and A. Ozyhar. 2014. The molecular basis of conformational instability of the ecdysone receptor DNA binding domain studied by in silico and in vitro experiments. PLOS ONE 9: e86052.
Tabata, T., E. Schwartz, E. Gustavson, Z. Ali and T. B. Kornberg. 1995. Creating a Drosophila wing de novo, the role of engrailed, and the compartment border hypothesis. Development 121: 3359–3369.
Taylor, J. and P. N. Adler. 2008. Cell rearrangement and cell division during the tissue level morphogenesis of evaginating Drosophila imaginal discs. Dev. Biol. 313: 739–751.
Thomas, H. E., H. G. Stunnenberg and A. F. Stewart. 1993. Heterodimerization of the Drosophila ecdysone receptor with retinoid X receptor and ultraspiracle. Nature 362: 471–475.
Trueb, L. and J. Hanken. 1992. Skeletal development in Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae). J. Morphol. 214: 1–41.
Truman, J. W. and L. M. Riddiford. 1999. The origins of insect metamorphosis. Nature 401: 447–452.
Tsai, C. C., H. Y. Kao, T. P. Yao, M. McKeown and R. M. Evans. 1999. SMRTER, a Drosophila nuclear receptor coregulator, reveals that EcR-mediated repression is critical for development. Mol. Cell 4:175–186.
Turner, C. and J. T. Bagnara. 1976. General Endocrinology. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA.
Urness, L. D. and C. S. Thummel. 1995. Molecular analysis of a steroid-induced regulatory hierarchy: The Drosophila E74A protein directly regulates L71-6 transcription. EMBO J. 14: 6239–6246.
Von Kalm, L., D. Fristrom and J. Fristrom. 1995. The making of a fly leg: A model for epithelial morphogenesis. BioEssays 17: 693–702.
Warner, J. F., D. C. Lyons and D. R. McClay. 2012. Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo: BMP and the asymmetrical origins of the adult. PLOS Biol. 10: e1001404.
Wassersug, R. J. 1989. Locomotion in amphibian larvae (or why aren’t tadpoles built like fish). Am. Zool. 29: 65–84.
White, B. H. and C. S. Nicoll. 1981. Hormonal control of amphibian development. In L. I. Gilbert and E. Frieden (eds.), Metamorphosis: A Problem in Developmental Biology. Plenum, New York, 363–396.
Williams, C. M. 1959. Hormonal regulation of insect metamorphosis. In W. D. McElroy and B. Glass (eds.), The Chemical Basis of Development. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Wolffe, A. P. and Y.-B. Shi. 1999. A hypothesis for the transcriptional control of amphibian metamorphosis by the thyroid hormone receptor. Am. Zool. 39: 807–817.
Wong, J. M. and Y. B. Shi. 1995. Coordinated regulation and transcriptional activation of Xenopus thyroid hormone and retinoid-X receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 18479–18483.
Yajima, M. and G. M. Wessel. 2011. Small micromeres contribute to the germline in the sea urchin. Development 138: 237–243.
Yao, T. P., B. M. Forman, Z. Jiang, L. Cherbas, J. D. Chen, M. McKeown, P. Cherbas and R. M. Evans. 1993. Functional ecdysone receptor is the product of EcR and ultraspiracle genes. Nature 366: 476–479.
Yaoita, Y. and D. D. Brown. 1990. A correlation of thyroid hormone receptor gene expression with amphibian metamorphosis. Genes Dev. 4: 1917–1924.
Zamora, S. and I. A. Rahman. 2015. Deciphering the early evolution of echinoderms with Cambrian fossils. Palaeontology 57: 1105–1119.
Zamora, S., I. A. Rahman and A. B. Smith. 2012. Plated Cambrian bilaterians reveal the earliest stages of echinoderm evolution. PLOS ONE 7: e38296.
Zecca, M., K. Basler and G. Struhl. 1996. Direct and long-range action of a Wingless morphogen gradient. Cell 87: 833–844.
Zhou, X. and L. M. Riddiford. 2002. Broad specifies pupal development and mediates the status quo action of juvenile hormone on the pupal-adult transformation in Drosophila and Manduca. Development 129: 2259–2269.