Chapter 10, Level 1 Self-Quiz: CI

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The following analogical argument has been evaluated using the three strategies discussed in Section 10C. All are reasonable evaluations except for one. Identify the incorrect evaluation.

I am a junior at Lincoln Heights High School. My parents make me do all the housework, like taking out the trash (every night), laundry (every Monday), dishes, vacuuming, washing the car, and cleaning up the rooms. My kid brother, who is in fifth grade, doesn't have to do anything. But he eats the same food as me, has his own bedroom like me, and gets the same amount of allowance as me. If I have to do so much work, then he should, too.

The age difference is considerable when one factors in the probable difference in size, strength, capabilities, stamina, and level of responsibility.

The high school student is more like the parents. The high school student is nearly an adult, and adults are expected to accept responsibility. They are expected to take care of a house and everything in it. They are expected to relieve children of the burdens of adulthood and let the children be children.

Since the high school student wants equal treatment, then perhaps the parents should make both children go to bed or be in the house at the same time at night. Since the fifth grader is not permitted to drive the car, then the high school student should not have that privilege either.

The high school student most likely has additional burdens of school work and preparation for college that the fifth grader does not have. Also, he or she may have a more complex and demanding social life, including dating and partying.

. The following analogical argument has been evaluated using the three strategies discussed in Section 10C. All are reasonable evaluations except for one. Identify the incorrect evaluation.
Fruit has many attributes that are good for your health. Fruit provides energy, roughage, sugars, citric acid, vitamins, and minerals. The new candy bar Chocolate Peanut Gooies provides energy, roughage, sugar, citric acid, vitamins, and minerals. How can it not be good for your health too?

Fruit is healthy, as it is natural and comes from plants. The Gooies candy bar is likely a heavily processed food completely lacking natural ingredients.

The candy bar probably contains numerous artificial ingredients whose health benefits may be questioned. Fruit contains no artificial ingredients. The sugar that grows in fruit is not the same as that put in most candy bars.

The candy bar is like cotton candy. They both taste good to most people, usually because they contain so much sugar (or artificial sugar substitute). They both provide a quick burst of energy. This kind of energy causes a backlash when its effects wear off. The person usually feels lethargic, and his or her attention and focus are disrupted. Both foods are artificial and not organic, natural products. If cotton candy is not healthy, then neither are Chocolate Peanut Gooies.

Since the candy bar is just as good as fruit, we can eliminate the need for fruit in our diets and substitute the candy bar to meet our minimum daily requirements.

. The following analogical argument has been evaluated using the three strategies discussed in Section 10C. All are reasonable evaluations except for one. Identify the incorrect evaluation.
Evidence indicates that adding fertilizer helps fruit trees and vegetable plants to grow better. Seaweed is a plant. Therefore, adding fertilizer should help seaweed grow better.

All the plants that the fertilizer worked on were grown on land. It has not yet been tried on plants grown in water.

Seaweed grows in saltwater. It has been shown that the fertilizer does not work in saltwater. So, adding the fertilizer will probably not help the seaweed to grow better.

The fertilizer alters the genetic structure of the plants. If you alter the genetic structure of seaweed, it might disrupt the ecosystem in the sea and prove harmful.

Fertilizer needs to be absorbed into plants via their roots, but in seawater, the fertilizer will be washed away before the seaweed can absorb nutrients from it.

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