Chapter 22 Multiple choice questions

With which treaty did environmental policy gain a legal basis as an area of EU policy?

Single European Act (1987)

Maastricht Treaty (1993)

Amsterdam Treaty (1999)

Lisbon Treaty (2009)

What significant change to the environmental policy area was introduced by the Maastricht Treaty?

Qualified majority voting (QMV) was extended to almost all areas of environmental policy.

The environmental policy powers of the European Parliament (EP) were increased via the introduction of the co-decision procedure.

The environment was listed as a major goal of the EU.

All of the above.

What is meant by the legal implementation deficit?

The name applied to environmental legal rulings

The deficient number of EU environmental regulations being agreed by member states

The failure to transpose EU legislation into national laws

The failure to implement EU legislation in practice

Who can file a complaint with the Commission when there is incomplete implementation of an environmental law by a member state?

Corporations

General public

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

All of the above

True or false: There is a clear cut divide between the rich North and poor South in promoting and implementing environmental legislation.

False

True

What feature of the Commission explains why it has not always been in favour of unconditional environmental policy expansion?

A reduction in its formal capacity to initiate environmental legislation

Lack of financial support

Fear of the European Court of Justice (CJEU)

Competition between Directorates-General (DGs)

True or false: The issue of climate change provides a very good example of the influence of epistemic communities in EU policy-making?

True

False

Which of the following has played a central role in influencing the character and ambition of the EU's recent environmental policy?

Enlargement of the EU

The economic and financial crisis

Neither of the above

Both of the above

True or false: climate change was a major issue in the 2019 European election?

True

False

Which of the following was not promised by the 2019 European Green Deal?

A 'just transition' fund, to support the transition to carbon neutrality in states dependent on fossil fuels

A new 'climate law', designed to set the EU on an irreversible path to carbon neutrality

An 'ejection clause', designed to automatically eject from the EU any state that fails to attain carbon neutrality by 2050

A range of sector-specific policies, to support and facilitate a transition to carbon neutrality

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