Find instances where the proportional relationship between Zeff2 and n2 breaks down. What is responsible for these apparent anomalies?
Dynamic figure 9.4 Plot of first ionization energies against Zeff2/n2 for the outermost electrons for the elements lithium to neon (n = 2).
Dynamic figure 9.5 Plot of first ionization energies against Zeff2/n2 for the outermost electrons for the elements hafnium to mercury (n = 6).