Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements are true? Please select all that apply.

Lignite has a carbon content of less than 90%.

Anthracite has a carbon content of 60–75%.

Acid rain is caused by burning coals with a high sulfur content.

Coal originated from the decay of micro-organisms in the sea.

Oil originated from the decay of vegetation in the Carboniferous Period.

2) What are the main constituents of natural gas?
Please select all that apply.

NO₂

CO

CO₂

CH₄

C₂H₆

3) Do conventional oils need more treatment than unconventional oils?

Yes

No

4) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

Natural gas was originally treated as a waste product and was burned off.

Natural gas is used in gas turbines.

The upper temperature of a steam turbine is higher than that of a gas turbine.

Coal produces less carbon dioxide per unit of thermal energy produced on combustion than natural gas.

Sour crude oil contains sulfur.

5) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

Kerogen is an additive in gasoline.

Shale gas is incombustible gas.

Unconventional oils will eventually become more economic to exploit than conventional oils.

Fracking (Fracturing) is a process for extracting shale gas in situ.

The peak rate of production of any given fossil fuel occurs before the Hubbert peak.

Coal rather than oil is the main source of energy behind the growth of the Chinese and Indian economies in recent decades.

6) What are the major drivers in reducing coal consumption in China?

CO₂ emissions

Acid rain

CO emissions

Air pollution

7) The proven conventional gas reserves of the Middle East countries in 2019, as a percentage of global reserves, was about…

5%.

10%.

20%.

40%.

8) The global R/P (y) for conventional oil in 2019 was about …

20 y.

50 y.

100 y.

180 y.

9) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

The reserves of shale gas are about the same as the proven reserves of natural gas.

Combustion is an endothermic reaction.

The combustion of methane produces water vapour and carbon dioxide.

The combustion of 10 kg of carbon releases about 37 kg of carbon dioxide.

Coal is pulverized into a fine powder before it is burned in a combustion chamber.

10) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

The main source of fossil fuel energy in 2019 was from coal.

Geo-sequestration is the storage of liquid CO₂ in underground geological formations.

The oxyfuel route is a proven technology for carbon capture.

Pre-combustion and post-combustion technologies for capturing CO₂ still need development for large power stations.

CCS is best reserved for fossil fuel power plants rather than industrial processes.

11) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

Petrol (gasoline) ICEs cars are more efficient than diesel ICEs.

The non-CO₂ emissions from diesel cars are often higher than from petrol cars.

The limit on the consumption of fossil fuels is from their effect on global warming, not from their reserves.

Fossil fuel reserves that are 'stranded assets' are ones that cannot be mined.

Supercritical CO₂ plants have higher efficiency at moderate temperatures than steam plants because less energy is lost in pumping.

12) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

An isobar is a line of constant potential energy.

Steam quality is the fraction by mass of steam in a two-phase mixture.

The properties of water make it impractical to operate a power station in a Rankine cycle.

A boiler of a power station operating in a Carnot cycle has three sections, an economizer, an evaporator, and a superheater.

A power station condenser operates at sub-atmospheric pressure.

13) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

A Joule cycle is the same as a Brayton cycle.

The typical efficiency of a modern power station operating in a Rankine cycle is 40–50%.

Gas turbines can generate electricity more rapidly than a steam power station.

There is no change of phase in a gas turbine.

Gas turbines operate at atmospheric pressure.

The efficiency of a coal power station is better approximated by

η_{\max} = 1 - \sqrt{\frac{T_{a}}{T}}

than by

η_{Carnot} = 1 - \frac{T_{a}}{T}

.

14) The upper temperature of a gas turbine is typically…

100 °C

350 °C

600 °C

1000 °C

1300 °C

15) The fossil fuels extracted from _____ sands, _____ rock formations, and ____ gas and oil have significantly increased the reserves.

16) The efficiency of a combined heat and power plant is typically…

38%.

45%.

60%.

80%.

17) Two technologies for avoiding CO₂ emissions are carbon _______ and _______ and carbon _____ and ______.

18) Which of the following statements are true?
Please select all that apply.

Fluidized beds are used for burning biomass and municipal waste.

The heat generated in a fluidized bed is removed by boiler tubes in the bed.

Combustion is less efficient in a fluidized bed than in a conventional combustion chamber used in a power station.

The lifetime of early fluidized beds was limited by erosion-corrosion of the boiler tubes.

Fluidized beds can be used to remove sulfur from coal.

19) What are the acronyms C____ C____ G____ T____, C___ H___ P___, and C___ C___ U____?

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