Chapter 12 Multiple Choice Questions

1) What effects are being caused by global warming?
Please select all that apply.

An increase in severe heat waves.

The ice cover in the Arctic and Antarctic has been declining.

Large amounts of coral worldwide are dying.

A decrease in stratospheric ozone.

Biodiversity has been unaffected.

2) When a change causes a disproportionate response in the climate system, then the climate is said to be at a _____ ______.

3) A _______ ______ is a guaranteed price that a producer of renewable electricity will receive.

4) A price on carbon emissions can be imposed by putting a levy, called a _____ _____, or by setting a quota, called a ______ or _____ _____ system, or by imposing _______ that reduce emissions.

5) The Kyoto Protocol was ineffective in reducing global carbon emissions partly because of….
Please select the two most significant factors to complete the sentence from the options below.

the failure of the USA to sign up to the Kyoto Protocol.

the significant growth of the Chinese economy.

the high cost of renewables.

the lack of compliance.

6) The Paris Agreement has achieved….
Please select all that apply.

agreement among nearly all nations that global warming must be limited to at least 2 °C and if possible 1.5 °C.

an equal percentage reduction in emissions by all countries by 2050.

a commitment to eliminate all carbon emissions by the latter half of the 21st century.

a decrease in global annual carbon emissions during the period 2015–2019.

7) Match the following definitions.

7a.

GDP/population

7b.

Energy/GDP

7c.

CO₂ emissions/energy

8) The global emissions of carbon dioxide can be related to population, GDP, and energy consumption through the ____ ________.

9) Which of the following have a negative carbon price?
Please select all that apply.

Improvements in insulation.

Improvements in vehicles' fuel efficiency.

Switching from coal to nuclear.

Adding carbon capture and storage.

10) The _______ ______ refers to a situation in which money saved through efficiency improvements is spent on activities or energy-consuming devices whose associated emissions offset those saved through improved efficiency.

11) Which of the following statements are correct?
Please select all that apply.

Distributed generation could empower millions in developing countries.

Decreasing and shifting energy demand are less important than increasing the supply of low-carbon energy.

Global population appears to be out of control.

Decarbonizing heat is as important as decarbonizing electricity.

The global mean temperature is proportional to the rate of carbon dioxide emissions.

12) The demand for energy can be reduced significantly through improved ______ efficiency or savings in providing _______, or through _____ changes.

13) The efficiency of energy conversion devices to provide motion and heating can be improved by about a factor of ______ by changing from ICEs and hot gases to ______ ______ and ______ ______.

14) Which of the following statements are correct?
Please select all that apply.

The synergy that electrification with renewables brings of greater efficiency could help hold total final energy consumption (TFEC) constant at ~100,000 TWh y^-1 by 2050

Wind and solar power could provide about 60% of TFEC by 2050 with massive investment.

Biomass, together with wind and solar power, will provide nearly all of TFEC by 2050.

The contribution to the TFEC by 2050 of wave and tidal power is likely to be around 5%.

Nature based solutions could capture some 5 GtCO₂ of emissions per year by 2050.

Devices capturing CO₂ from the air should be located near where emissions are concentrated.

15) Which of the following statements about the LCOE are correct?
Please select all that apply.

Solar and wind generation can now be at grid parity.

Hydropower can have the lowest LCOE.

LCOE is the only important factor in the choice of generation.

LCOE tends to decrease with increased global deployment.

16) Which of the following apply to the cost of power?
Please select all that apply.

For fossil fuel power plants, the marginal cost is dominated by the maintenance and operations cost.

For solar PV and wind power, the marginal cost can approach zero.

The levelized cost of energy from onshore wind and solar PV power is approached the marginal cost of fossil fuel power.

Handling variability from renewable generators adds significant costs.

17) The abatement cost of carbon for a mitigation project costing X dollar that saves Y tonne of CO₂ during its lifetime is given by ______.

18) The carbon border tax on imports is to avoid '_____ ______'.

19) Policies that boost the transition to renewables and low-carbon energy must address the loss of jobs in the fossil fuel industries for it to be a _____ ______.

20) If the learning rate and compound annual growth of PV LCOE is 25%, how many years before the LCOE is a third of its present value?

9

12

15

18

21) __________ __________ requires policies or actions that provide for the present generation but do not compromise the needs of future generations.

22) Which of the following statements about the actions required to reach net-zero are correct?
Please select all that apply.

Changing diets is not important.

Stressing job creation as a reason to invest in renewables

Preserving natural habitats is not urgent.

Community involvement is important.

Regulating investment by its impact on the transition to net-zero

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