Developmental Biology, International Twelfth Edition Student Resources

Further Development 1.1: When Does a Human Become a Person?

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.2: The Cell Biology of Embryonic Cleavage

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.3: Epigenesis and Preformationism

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.4: Conklin’s Art and Science

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.5: Important Transitions in Animal Evolution

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.6: The Developmental Evolution of Life

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 1.7: Transitions of the Wall, the Foot, and the Tube

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Further Development 2.1: The Germ Plasm Theory

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Further Development 2.2: Squeezing the Conditions of Specification

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Further Development 2.3: Transcription Factor Gradients Specify Fates from Head to Tail

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Further Development 2.4: A Map of Cell Maturation

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Further Development 2.5: A Rainbow of Cell Identities

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Further Development 3.1: Genomic Equivalence and Cloning

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.2: The Mediator Complex: Linking Enhancer and Promoter

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.3: Combinatorial Association

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.4: Polycomb and Trithorax Proteins Regulate the Leaf-to-Flower Transition in Plants

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.5: Mechanisms of how DNA Methylation Blocks Transcription

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.6: The Mechanisms of DNA Methylation

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.7: Mechanisms of DNA Methylation During Genomic Imprinting

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.8: Poised Chromatin

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.9: Chromatin Diminution

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.10: The Nuclear Envelope’s Role in Gene Regulation

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.11: Transcription Factor Domains

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.12: Insulators: Protecting Genomic Areas from Transcription Factor Binding

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.13: Transcription Factors with the Power to Cure Diabetes

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.14: The DSCAM Gene and its 38,016 Isoforms

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.15: Control of Early Development by Pre-mRNA Selection

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.16: So You Think You Know What a Gene Is?

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.17: Splicing Enhancers and Recognition Factors

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.18: Translational Regulation in Frogs and Flies

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.19: Learn How a Mutation in a 3′ UTR Results in Bulging Biceps in Beef

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.20: Stored Messenger RNA in Brain Cells

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21: Techniques of RNA and DNA Analysis

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.1: Techniques of Molecular Biology

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.2: Transgenic Cells and Gene Knockouts

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.3: Studying DNA Regulatory Elements

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.4: Determining Methylation Status: Bisulfite Mapping

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.5: Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.6: Microarrays and Macroarrays

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 3.21.7: In Situ Hybridizations

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Further Development 4.1: Sorting Out the Early Embryo

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.2: Type, Timing, and Border Formation

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.3: Shape Change and Epithelia Morphogenesis: “The Force Is Strong in You”

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.4: Integrins and Cell Death

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.5: Reciprocal Induction

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.6: From Feathers to Claws and Frogs to Newts: Further Your Understanding of Induction

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.7: The Insect Trachea: Combining Inductive Signals with Cadherin Regulation

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.8: Downstream Events of the FGF Signal Transduction Cascade

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.9: The JAK and STAT of Bone Development

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.10: FGF Receptor Mutations

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.11: A Multitude of Ways to Shape FGF Secretion

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.12: Endosome Internalization:Morphogen Gradients Can Be Created by Literally Passing from One Cell to Another

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.13: Notch Mutations

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 4.14: Hippo Signaling: An Integrator of Pathways

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Further Development 5.1: A Chapter on Senescence and Longevity

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.2: Specifying the Shoot and Root Meristems

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.3: How Does E-Cadherin Influence Blastocyst Cell Fates?

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.4: Drosophila Testes Stem Cell Niche

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.5: The Subgranular Zone Niche

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.6: Just Another Notch on the Clock During Neurogenesis in the V-SVZ

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.7: Regulatory Mechanisms in the Crypt

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.8: Were HSCs Somehow Born from Bone to then Reside in the Marrow?

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.9: Fat and Muscle, and the Role of MSCs in Aging

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.10: Other Stem Cells Supporting Adult Tissue Maintenance and Regeneration

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 5.11: A Discussion of the Challenges Using ESCs

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Further Development 6.1: Sex Determination and Social Perceptions

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.2: The Ovary Pathway: The Importance of β-catenin

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.3: Finding the Elusive Testis-determining Factor

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.4: Fibroblast Growth Factor 9

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.5: Genes Controlled by Sry and Sox9

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.6: The Origins of Genitalia

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.7: Steroids and Secondary Sex Determination

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.8: Descent of the Testes

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.9: Dosage Compensation

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.10: Brain Sex and Gender

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.11: Brain Sex in Drosophila

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.12: Theodor Boveri and the Formation of the Germ Line

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.13: Modifications of Meiosis

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 6.14: The Biochemistry of Oocyte Maturation

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Further Development 7.1: The Origins of Fertilization Research

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.1.1: Early History of Fertilization

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.1.2: The Mechanism of Fertilization

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.1.3: On the Nature of the Process of Fertilization

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.2: The Egg and Its Environment

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.3: Mechanisms of Sperm Chemotaxis

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.4: Sea Urchin Acrosome Reaction and Sperm Binding

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.5: Blocks to Polyspermy--the Fertilization Reaction in Echinarachnius Parma

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.6: The Cortical Granule Reaction

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.7: The IP3 Pathway Activates the Egg

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.8: Rules of Evidence

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.9: Mechanisms of Capacitation

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.10: UN 1 (Discovering How Mammalian Sperm Bind to Eggs)

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.11: Elements of the Sperm Activiate Mammalian Eggs

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.12: The Non-equivalence of Mammalian Pronuclei

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.13: A Social Critique of Fertilization Research

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 7.14: UN 2 (Growth of the Pollen Tube Requires Calcium)

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Further Development 8.1: A Classic Paper Links Genes and Development

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.2: The Snail Fate Map

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.3: The Role of the Polar Lobe in Cell Specification

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.4: 4D and the Role of Notch

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.5: Altering Evolution by Altering Cleavage Patterns: An Example from a Bivalve Mollusk

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.6: Defining the Role of SKN-1 and PAL-1 in Early Cell Specifications in C. Elegans

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.7: Cell-Cell Interactions in the Early C. Elegans Embryo

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.8: Integration of Autonomous and Conditional Specification: Differentiation of the C. Elegans Pharynx

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 8.9: Heterochronic Genes and the Control of Larval Stages

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Further Development 9.1: Drosophila Fertilization

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.2: Mechanisms of the Drosophila Mid-blastula Transition

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.3: It Takes Strength to Bend a Fly

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.4: Anterior-Posterior Polarity in the Oocyte

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.5: Insect Signaling Centers

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.6: Bicoid mRNA Localization in the Anterior Pole of the Oocyte

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.7: What Genes Make a Fly’s Head? Bicoid Plus Hunchback Equal a Buttonhead

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.8: The Terminal Gene Group

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.9: Flying "Wingless"

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.10: Initiation and Maintenance of Homeotic Gene Expression

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.11: Torpedos Away: The Downstream Signaling Events

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.12: Effects of the Dorsal Protein Gradient

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.13: The Right-Left Axes

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 9.14: Early Development of Other Insects

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Further Development 10.1: Urchins in the Lab

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.2: The Echinobase of Sea Urchin Development

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.3: How to Specify Yourself

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.4: Evolution by Sub-Routine Co-Option

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.5: Axis Specification and Sea Urchin Embryos

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.6: Filopedia Feel for Their Target Tissue

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.7: The Search for the Myogenic Factor

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.8: Specification of the Larval Axes in Tunicate Embryos

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.9: How Being Macho Can Give You a "Spine"

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 10.10: Gastrulation in Tunicates

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Further Development 11.1: Mechanisms of the MBT by Chromatin Modifications

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.2: How Do Deeper Ectodermal Cells "Know" to Intercalate Toward the Surface Ectoderm?

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.3: A Fountain of Vegetal Movement

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.4: The Forces of Convergent Extension

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.5: Migration of the Mesodermal Mantle

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.6: Autonomous Specification Versus Inductive Interactions

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.7: Play Mix and Match with Vegetal Blastomeres to Prove the Inductive Power of the Nieuwkoop Center

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.8: The Experiments that Confirmed Ectodermal Bias

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.9: Frzb, Dickkopf, Notum, and Tiki: More Ways to Block Wnts

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.10: Gradients and Hox Gene Expression in Xenopus

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.11: Fish Signals Are Like Amphibian Signals

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 11.12: Anterior-Posterior Axis Formation in Zebrafish

Amphibians and Fish

Further Development 12.1: The Extraembryonic Membranes

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.2: Organizing the Chick Primitive Streak

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.3: Molecular Mechanisms of Migration through the Primitive Streak

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.4: Epiblast Cell Heterogeneity

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.5: The PMZ Is Equivalent to the Amphibian Nieuwkoop Center

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.6: Epigenetic Regulation of Histone States Is Required for the Maternal to Zygotic Transition in the Mouse

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.7: The Role of Hippo Signaling during Trophoblast-ICM Determination

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.8: Mechanisms of Compaction and Formation of the Inner Cell Mass

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.9: Escape from the Zona Pellucida and Implantation

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.10: The Role of FGF in Early Mouse Gastrulation

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.11: Placental Formation and Functions

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.12: Anterior-Posterior Patterning by FGF and RA Gradients

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.13: Experimental Analysis of the Hox Code

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 12.14: Chimerism

Birds and Mammals

Further Development 13.1: Molecular Regulation of Hinge Point Formation

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.2: The Biomechanics of Neural Fold Zippering Revealed by the Ancestral Chordate

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.3: Closure at the Junction: A Human-Avian Connection

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.4: Dividing the Central Nervous System

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.5: Specifying the Brain Boundaries

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.6: Determining the Sonic Signal

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.7: How Much and How Long?

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.8: Transcriptional Cross-Repression by the Downstream Shh and TGF-β Effector Proteins

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 13.9: GLI Activation

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Further Development 14.1: A Primer on the Basic Anatomy and Function of Neurons and Glia

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.2: Defining Ventricular and Outer Radial Glia and Their Intermediate Progenitors

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.3: The Scaffolding of Bergmann Glia in the Cerebellum

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.4: Horizontal and Vertical Specification of the Cerebrum

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.5: Asymmetric Divisions: VRG Are a Notch above Par

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.6: Neuronal Growth and the Invention of Childhood

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.7: Speech, Language, and the FOXP2 Gene

Brain Growth

Further Development 14.8: Human Enhancement with the Loss of an Enhancer

Brain Growth

Further Development 15.1: Learn How These Four Pioneer Transcription Factors Differentiate Neural Crest Cell Fates

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.2: Induced Neural Crest Cells

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.3: Rho GTPases Are the Link between WNT and Cytoskeletal-Mediated Cell Migration

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.4: Rho GTPases Are the Link between WNT and Cytoskeletal-Mediated Contact Inhibition

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.5: Cell Differentiation in the Ventral Pathway

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.6: GDNF and Hirschsprung Disease

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.7: Kit-SCF Guides and Determines Melanoblasts to Their Fate

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.8: Intramembranous Bone and the Role of Neural Crest in Building the Head Skeleton

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.9: Coordination of Face and Brain Growth

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.10: Why Birds Don't Have Teeth

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.11: Mice, Humans, and How CNCC May Connect Disparate Diseases

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.12: The Evolution of Developmental Neurobiology

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.12.1: Victor Hamburger

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.12.2: Rita Levi-Montalcini

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.13: Primer on the Molecular Anatomy of the Growth Cone

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.14: “Plus Tips” and Actin-Microtubule Interactions during Growth Cone Guidance

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.15: Turning the Growth Cone Requires Membrane Endocytosis

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.16: Mechanisms of Cell-to-Cell Adhesion

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.17: The Classic Example of Semaphorin-Mediated Repulsion of the Grasshopper Sensory Axon

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.18: Netrin, the Bifunctional Guidance Cue

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.19: How a Growth Cone Can Rapidly Change Its Responsiveness to Guidance Cues

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.20: The Early Evidence for Chemotaxis

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.21: Intraretinal Guidance: How Do RGC Axons Even Leave the Eye in the Right Place?

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.22: How Does an Ipsilateral RGC Axon Interpret Ephrin and Shh as a Decision Not to Cross?

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.23: Bmp4 and Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.24: A Program of Cell Death

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.25: The Uses of Apoptosis

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.26: Differential Survival after Innervation: The Role of Neurotrophins

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 15.27: The Development of Behaviors: Constancy and Plasticity

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Further Development 16.1: The Human Cranial Nerves

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.2: Kallmann Syndrome

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.3: Cell Fate Determination in the Organ of Corti of the Mouse Ear

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.4: The Autonomous Development of the Optic Cup

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.5: Lens and Cornea Differentiation

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.6: Neural Retina Differentiation

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.7: Why Babies Don’t See Well

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.8: Epidermal Factors

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.9: Recombination of Mammary Gland Epithelium Reveals Sex-Based Differences in Its Development

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.10: The Ectodysplasin Pathway and Mutations of Hair Development

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.11: The Progenitor Cell Is a Runway Signal

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.12: Normal Variation in Human Hair Production

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 16.13: The Hair Follicle Niche: Its Role in Baldness and Long Lashes

Ectodermal Placodes and the Epidermis

Further Development 17.1: BMP to Fox

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.2: From Cell Surface Interactions to Cytoskeletal Rearrangements

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.3: Notch Signaling and Somite Formation

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.4: How Many Somites to Form?

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.5: Formation of the Dorsal Aorta

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.6: An Emerging Model of Neural Crest-Regulated Myogenesis

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.7: Osteogenesis: The Development of the Bones

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.8: Paracrine Factors, Their Receptors, and Human Bone Growth

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 17.9: Maturation of Muscle

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Further Development 18.1: Hox Makes Cells Competent to Express Lim and Make a Kidney

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.2: The Metanephric Mesenchyme Secretes GDNF to Induce and Direct the Ureteric Bud

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.3: Coelom Formation

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.4: Molecular Mechanisms of Heart Development in the Tunicate Ciona

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.5: A Gene Regulatory Network at the Heart of Cardiogenic Mesoderm Specification

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.6: Bilateral Origin of the Heart

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.7: Fusion of the Heart and the First Heartbeats

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.8: A Self-Sustaining Gene Regulatory Network Differentiates the Heart

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.9: Changing Heart Anatomy at Birth

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.10: Constraints on the Formation of Blood Vessels

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.11: VEGF and Your Green Tea Diet

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.12: Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic Vessels

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 18.13: Anti-Angiogenesis in Normal and Abnormal Development

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Further Development 19.1: Homology Between the Limb Buds of Fish and Tetrapods

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.2: Induction of and by the AER

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.3: Mechanistic Support for the Dual Gradient Model of Limb Patterning

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.4: Alternative Views on the Dual Gradient Model: Can a Single Gradient Do the Job?

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.5: From Humans to Cats: A Natural Gain of Shh Function: The Extra Toes Mutation

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.6: The Mechanism by which Sonic Hedgehog Establishes Digit Identity

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.7: A Turing Model for Self-Organizing Digit Skeletogenesis

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.8: Joints Need Blood Vessels , Wnt proteins, and Working Muscles to Form

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.9: Continued Limb Growth: Epiphyseal Plates

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.10: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Dwarfism

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.11: Growth Hormone and Estrogen Receptors

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 19.12: Dinosaurs and Chicken Fingers

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Further Development 20.1: Stem Cells of Endodermal Origin

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 20.2: Diffferentiation of the Cells of the Liver

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 20.3: Insulin-Secreting Pancreatic Cells

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 20.4: A Model for a Hierarchical Dichotomous System for Determining Cell Types

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 20.5: Defining the Factors for β Cell Differentiation by iPSC

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 20.6: Immune System Regulation of the Final Steps in Lung Development

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Further Development 21.1: Biochemical Respecification in the Liver

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.2: From Pre-Metamorphosis to Metamorphic Climax

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.3: Differential Tissue Responses to Thyroid Hormones

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.4: Variations on the Themes of Amphibian Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.5: Specification and Proliferation

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.6: Insect Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.6.1: Hormonal Control of Insect Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.6.2: Remodeling the Insect Central Nervous System

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.6.3: Microarray Analysis of Drosophila Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.7: Parasitoid Wasp Development

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.8: Identification of 20-Hydroxyecdysone as a Metamorphic Transcriptional Regulator

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.9: Understanding the Different Effects of 20E

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.10: Precocenes and Synthetic JH

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.11: Homologous Specification

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 21.12: Metamorphosis of the Pluteus Larva

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Further Development 22.1: A "PLETHORA" of Controls

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.2: A Lateral Root Way to Be Call(o)us

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.3: Epigenetic Control of Plant Regeneration

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.4: The Organizing Properties of the Hypostome

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.5: Ethel Browne and the Organizer

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.6: Morphallaxis and Epimorphosis in Hydra

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.7: The Head Inhibition Gradients

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.8: cNeoblast Specialization

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.9: Notum Heads Wnt off at the Slice

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.10: A Recapitulation of Limb Development

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.11: Newt Anterior Gradient Protein

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.12: Immune Cells to the Regeneration!

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 22.13: Oval Cells and Liver Regeneration

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Further Development 23.1: Preimplantation Genetics

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.2: The Developmental Origins of Adult Human Disease

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.3: DDT as an Endocrine Disruptor

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.4: DES as an Obesogen

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.5: BPA and Altered Behavior

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.6: Testicular Dysgenesis

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 23.7: BPA and Cancer Susceptibility

Development in Health and Disease: Birth Defects, Endocrine Disruptors, and Cancer

Further Development 24.1: Relating Evolution to Development in the 19th Century

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.1.1: Edmund Beecher Wilson and Frank R. Lillie and the Relationship between Evolution and Development

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.1.2: Ernst Haeckel and the Biogenetic Law

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.1.3: Haeckel and the Vertebrate Archetype

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.2: “Intelligent Design” and Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.3: Correlated Progression

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.3.1: Developmental Correlation

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.3.2: Evolution and Domestication: Selection on Developmental Genes?

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.4: Allometry

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.5: How Do Zebras (and Angelfish) Get Their Stripes?

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.5.1: The Mathematics of Growth

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.5.2: The Mathematics of Patterning

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.6: How Do the Correct Number of Cusps Form in a Tooth?

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Further Development 24.7: Transposable Elements and the Origin of Pregnancy

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

The World's Best Nerd Jokes

Peeps

Required Viewing for All

Dev Tutorial 1.1: Personhood

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Dev Tutorial 2.1: Cell Specification

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Dev Tutorial 3.1: Differential Gene Expression

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Dev Tutorial 4.1: Morphogen Signaling

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Dev Tutorial 5.1: Stem Cell Basics

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Dev Tutorial 6.1: Mammalian Sex Determination

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Dev Tutorial 7.1: Find It/Lose It/Move It

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Dev Tutorial 7.2: Capacitation

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Dev Tutorial 7.3: Legends of the Sperm

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Dev Tutorial 11.1: Gastrulation

Amphibians and Fish

Dev Tutorial 12.1: Twinning

Birds and Mammals

Dev Tutorial 13.3: Neurlulation

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Dev Tutorial 15.1: Neural Crest Cell Development

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Dev Tutorials 17.1: Somitogenesis

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Dev Tutorial 19.1: Introduction to Limb Development

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Dev Tutorial 24.1: Evo-Devo (Parts 1 and 2)

Development and Evolution: Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Watch Development 1.1

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Watch Development 1.2

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 2.1

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 2.2

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 2.3

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 2.4

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 2.5

Specifying Identity: Mechanisms of Developmental Patterning

Watch Development 5.1

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Watch Development 5.2

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Watch Development 7.1

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.2

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.3

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.4

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.5

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.6

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 7.7

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Watch Development 8.1

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.2

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.3

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.4

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.5

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.6

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 8.7

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Watch Development 9.1

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Watch Development 10.1

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Watch Development 10.2

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Watch Development 11.1

Amphibians and Fish

Watch Development 11.2

Amphibians and Fish

Watch Development 11.3

Amphibians and Fish

Watch Development 12.1

Birds and Mammals

Watch Development 12.2

Birds and Mammals

Watch Development 12.3

Birds and Mammals

Watch Development 12.4

Birds and Mammals

Watch Development 14.1

Brain Growth

Watch Development 14.2

Brain Growth

Watch Development 14.3

Brain Growth

Watch Development 15.1

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Watch Development 15.2

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Watch Development 15.3

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Watch Development 17.1

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Watch Development 17.2

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Watch Development 17.3

Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives

Watch Development 18.1

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Watch Development 18.2

Intermediate and Lateral Plate Mesoderm: Heart, Blood, and Kidneys

Watch Development 19.1

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Watch Development 19.2

Development of the Tetrapod Limb

Watch Development 20.1

The Endoderm: Tubes and Organs for Digestion and Respiration

Watch Development 21.1

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Watch Development 21.2

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Watch Development 21.3

Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development

Watch Development 22.1

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Watch Development 22.2

Regeneration: The Development of Rebuilding

Scientists Speak 1.1

The Making of a Body and a Field: A Framework for Understanding Animal Development

Scientists Speak 3.1

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.2

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.3

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.4

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.5

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.6

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 3.7

Differential Gene Expression: Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation

Scientists Speak 4.1

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 4.2

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 4.3

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 4.4

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 4.5

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 4.6

Cell-to-Cell Communication: Mechanisms of Morphogenesis

Scientists Speak 5.1

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.2

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.3

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.4

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.5

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.6

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.7

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.8

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.9

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.10

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.11

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.12

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 5.13

Stem Cells: Their Potential and Their Niches

Scientists Speak 6.1

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Scientists Speak 6.2

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Scientists Speak 6.3

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Scientists Speak 6.4

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Scientists Speak 6.5

Sex Determination and Gametogenesis

Scientists Speak 7.1

Fertilization: Beginning a New Organism

Scientists Speak 8.1

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Scientists Speak 8.2

Snails, Flowers, and Nematodes: Different Mechanisms for Similar Patterns of Specification

Scientists Speak 9.1

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Scientists Speak 9.2

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Scientists Speak 9.3

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Scientists Speak 9.4

The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila

Scientists Speak 10.1

Sea Urchins and Tunicates: Deuterostome Invertebrates

Scientists Speak 11.1

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.2

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.3

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.4

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.5

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.6

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.7

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.8

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.9

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 11.10

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 12.1

Amphibians and Fish

Scientists Speak 12.2

Birds and Mammals

Scientists Speak 12.3

Birds and Mammals

Scientists Speak 13.1

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Scientists Speak 13.2

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Scientists Speak 13.3

Neural Tube Formation and Patterning

Scientists Speak 14.1

Brain Growth

Scientists Speak 14.2

Brain Growth

Scientists Speak 15.1

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Scientists Speak 15.2

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Scientists Speak 15.3

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Scientists Speak 15.4

Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity

Barresi, Gilbert, Developmental Biology, International Twelfth Edition Student Resources

Description

Explore Resources:

Further Development 1.1: When Does a Human Become a Person?

Further Development 1.2: The Cell Biology of Embryonic Cleavage

Further Development 1.3: Epigenesis and Preformationism

Further Development 1.4: Conklin’s Art and Science

Further Development 1.5: Important Transitions in Animal Evolution

Further Development 1.6: The Developmental Evolution of Life

Further Development 1.7: Transitions of the Wall, the Foot, and the Tube

Further Development 2.1: The Germ Plasm Theory

Further Development 2.2: Squeezing the Conditions of Specification

Further Development 2.3: Transcription Factor Gradients Specify Fates from Head to Tail

Further Development 2.4: A Map of Cell Maturation

Further Development 2.5: A Rainbow of Cell Identities

Further Development 3.1: Genomic Equivalence and Cloning

Further Development 3.2: The Mediator Complex: Linking Enhancer and Promoter

Further Development 3.3: Combinatorial Association

Further Development 3.4: Polycomb and Trithorax Proteins Regulate the Leaf-to-Flower Transition in Plants

Further Development 3.5: Mechanisms of how DNA Methylation Blocks Transcription

Further Development 3.6: The Mechanisms of DNA Methylation

Further Development 3.7: Mechanisms of DNA Methylation During Genomic Imprinting

Further Development 3.8: Poised Chromatin

Further Development 3.9: Chromatin Diminution

Further Development 3.10: The Nuclear Envelope’s Role in Gene Regulation

Further Development 3.11: Transcription Factor Domains

Further Development 3.12: Insulators: Protecting Genomic Areas from Transcription Factor Binding

Further Development 3.13: Transcription Factors with the Power to Cure Diabetes

Further Development 3.14: The DSCAM Gene and its 38,016 Isoforms

Further Development 3.15: Control of Early Development by Pre-mRNA Selection

Further Development 3.16: So You Think You Know What a Gene Is?

Further Development 3.17: Splicing Enhancers and Recognition Factors

Further Development 3.18: Translational Regulation in Frogs and Flies

Further Development 3.19: Learn How a Mutation in a 3′ UTR Results in Bulging Biceps in Beef

Further Development 3.20: Stored Messenger RNA in Brain Cells

Further Development 3.21: Techniques of RNA and DNA Analysis

Further Development 3.21.1: Techniques of Molecular Biology

Further Development 3.21.2: Transgenic Cells and Gene Knockouts

Further Development 3.21.3: Studying DNA Regulatory Elements

Further Development 3.21.4: Determining Methylation Status: Bisulfite Mapping

Further Development 3.21.5: Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Further Development 3.21.6: Microarrays and Macroarrays

Further Development 3.21.7: In Situ Hybridizations

Further Development 4.1: Sorting Out the Early Embryo

Further Development 4.2: Type, Timing, and Border Formation

Further Development 4.3: Shape Change and Epithelia Morphogenesis: “The Force Is Strong in You”

Further Development 4.4: Integrins and Cell Death

Further Development 4.5: Reciprocal Induction

Further Development 4.6: From Feathers to Claws and Frogs to Newts: Further Your Understanding of Induction

Further Development 4.7: The Insect Trachea: Combining Inductive Signals with Cadherin Regulation

Further Development 4.8: Downstream Events of the FGF Signal Transduction Cascade

Further Development 4.9: The JAK and STAT of Bone Development

Further Development 4.10: FGF Receptor Mutations

Further Development 4.11: A Multitude of Ways to Shape FGF Secretion

Further Development 4.12: Endosome Internalization:Morphogen Gradients Can Be Created by Literally Passing from One Cell to Another

Further Development 4.13: Notch Mutations

Further Development 4.14: Hippo Signaling: An Integrator of Pathways

Further Development 5.1: A Chapter on Senescence and Longevity

Further Development 5.2: Specifying the Shoot and Root Meristems

Further Development 5.3: How Does E-Cadherin Influence Blastocyst Cell Fates?

Further Development 5.4: Drosophila Testes Stem Cell Niche

Further Development 5.5: The Subgranular Zone Niche

Further Development 5.6: Just Another Notch on the Clock During Neurogenesis in the V-SVZ

Further Development 5.7: Regulatory Mechanisms in the Crypt

Further Development 5.8: Were HSCs Somehow Born from Bone to then Reside in the Marrow?

Further Development 5.9: Fat and Muscle, and the Role of MSCs in Aging

Further Development 5.10: Other Stem Cells Supporting Adult Tissue Maintenance and Regeneration

Further Development 5.11: A Discussion of the Challenges Using ESCs

Further Development 6.1: Sex Determination and Social Perceptions

Further Development 6.2: The Ovary Pathway: The Importance of β-catenin

Further Development 6.3: Finding the Elusive Testis-determining Factor

Further Development 6.4: Fibroblast Growth Factor 9

Further Development 6.5: Genes Controlled by Sry and Sox9

Further Development 6.6: The Origins of Genitalia

Further Development 6.7: Steroids and Secondary Sex Determination

Further Development 6.8: Descent of the Testes

Further Development 6.9: Dosage Compensation

Further Development 6.10: Brain Sex and Gender

Further Development 6.11: Brain Sex in Drosophila

Further Development 6.12: Theodor Boveri and the Formation of the Germ Line