* not completed

. Which of the following statements about water in the atmosphere is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

The mixing ratio of water at a given temperature and the relative humidity are the same thing correct incorrect

The relative humidity increases with temperature correct incorrect

Typically, water has the third or fourth highest mixing ratio of all gases in the troposphere correct incorrect

A plot of the partial pressure of water vs increasing temperature shows a linear increase correct incorrect

Including water in Table 8.1 would change the composition values for the other components correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about solar radiation is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Albedo is a measure of the fraction of solar radiation absorbed by a component of the Earth's surface correct incorrect

Snow and ice have a high albedo correct incorrect

Some gaseous molecules within the troposphere can absorb solar radiation correct incorrect

Radiation that is reemitted from the Earth is of lower energy than the energy absorbed correct incorrect

One way in which solar energy is stored on the Earth's surface is through converting ice into liquid water correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about solar radiation is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

In a steady state, total solar energy absorbed by the Earth is balanced by energy emitted from the Earth correct incorrect

Radiative forcing is measured in watts per square metre (W m^-2) correct incorrect

The contribution made by an atmospheric gas to radiative forcing and its global warming potential are the same thing correct incorrect

Greenhouse warming on Mars is very large because of the high total pressure of carbon dioxide in that planet's atmosphere correct incorrect

The value of the solar flux striking the spherical Earth is equal to the flux directly striking an area normal to the solar beam correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about greenhouse gases is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Of all gases in the Earth's atmosphere, water makes the largest contribution (in W m^-2) to the greenhouse effect correct incorrect

Because of their stability, hydrofluorocarbons have an almost zero global warming potential correct incorrect

Ozone in the stratosphere contributes significantly to global warming correct incorrect

Regarding global warming, the positive feedback process of atmospheric water vapour is due to increased cloudiness correct incorrect

Respiration of plants and microorganisms leads to carbon dioxide releases in the atmosphere correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about greenhouse gases is/are true?  (Please select all that apply)

Combustion and respiration both involve the same overall chemical reaction resulting in release of carbon dioxide correct incorrect

In urban settings, considerable nitrous oxide is released from internal combustion engines correct incorrect

Methane release from soils occurs almost exclusively in the tropics correct incorrect

The changed albedo, when tropical rainforests are cleared, has an effect equivalent to a decreased radiative forcing correct incorrect

Nitrogen dioxide absorbs IR radiation having wavelengths corresponding to those in one of the infra-red windows correct incorrect

* not completed

. The global warming potential associated with a particular atmospheric species depends on: (Please select all that apply)

Its absorptivity correct incorrect

Its wavelength of absorption correct incorrect

Its tropospheric lifetime correct incorrect

Its mixing ratio in the atmosphere correct incorrect

Its ozone depletion potential correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of these statements regarding fossil fuels is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Increasing coalification results in the deposit having lower moisture and higher carbon percentages correct incorrect

CH₄, CO and H₂ are all combustible products of coal gasification processes correct incorrect

During combustion, the lighter hydrocarbons produced in petroleum refining produce less carbon dioxide than the heavier ones correct incorrect

In contrast to coal, refined petroleum products release negligible amounts of sulfur dioxide on combustion correct incorrect

Liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) are largely methane and ethane liquefied under pressure correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about Radiative Forcing (RF) is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

RF depends on the wavelength of the absorbing species correct incorrect

Increasing the concentration of certain gases that are present in only trace concentrations in the atmosphere can cause a large change in RF correct incorrect

As concentrations increase, RF values also increase, but the change is different for each absorbing species. correct incorrect

RF depends on the absorptivity of each absorbing species correct incorrect

RF is used to describe the extent of energy retention within the troposphere due to absorption of IR radiation by species present in the atmosphere correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements regarding infra-red adsorption spectra of greenhouse gases is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Water absorbs infra-red wavelengths that do not overlap with those from carbon dioxide correct incorrect

Carbon dioxide gas absorbs strongly in the 'window' region of the IR spectrum correct incorrect

Ozone is a greenhouse gas correct incorrect

Nitrous oxide has an infrared absorption band within the 'window' region as well as other bands outside this region correct incorrect

CFC-12 and other chlorinated fluorocarbons no longer contribute to the absorption of infra-red radiation due to their decreased use over the last decade correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about important global climate terms is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

The greenhouse effect refers to the heating of the Earth's near surface atmosphere by the trapping of out-going infra-red radiation by atmospheric gases correct incorrect

Global warming refers to the increase of the near surface average global temperature correct incorrect

Radiative forcing describes the net energy in W m^-2 made available to the Earth associated with the increase in the concentration of each greenhouse gas, since 1750 correct incorrect

Global warming potential is a calculated value that allows for comparing the potential of individual greenhouse gases to contribute to overall warming over a defined period of time correct incorrect

Radiative forcing is analogous to the total solar flux correct incorrect