* not completed

What legislation led to the UK formally joining the European Union?

European Communities Act 1972 correct incorrect

European Union Act 1973 correct incorrect

EURATOM Act 1970 correct incorrect

European Economic Community Act 1972 correct incorrect

* not completed

It is said that the EU is built on three pillars. Which of the following is not a "pillar" of the EU?

Immigration and Emigration Policy correct incorrect

European Communities correct incorrect

Cooperation on Justice and Home Affairs correct incorrect

Common Foreign and Security Policy correct incorrect

* not completed

Which of the following is a significant characteristic of every directive?

A Directive has direct applicability correct incorrect

A Directive is binding on every Member State correct incorrect

A Directive requires implementation into national law correct incorrect

A Directive states the manner in which the law must be implemented correct incorrect

* not completed

Which of the following sources of EU law does have horizontal direct effect?

Recommendations correct incorrect

Decisions correct incorrect

Directives correct incorrect

Treaties correct incorrect

* not completed

In relation to the supremacy of the EU, which of the following statements is most accurate?

The UK is not bound by European law in any way whatsoever correct incorrect

In areas where it is applicable, UK law supersedes any European law to the contrary correct incorrect

In areas where it is applicable, European law supersedes any existing UK law to the contrary correct incorrect

The UK may choose to apply European law if it wishes correct incorrect

* not completed

What is meant by the term 'vertical direct effect'?

An individual can rely on EU law in any action in relation to the state, but cannot use it against other individuals correct incorrect

An individual can use an EU provision in an action against other individuals, but not against the state correct incorrect

An individual cannot rely on an EU provision at all correct incorrect

The state can rely on EU law in any action against individuals correct incorrect

* not completed

What is the European Parliament?

The administrative body of the EU correct incorrect

The court of the EU correct incorrect

A court specialising in issues of human rights correct incorrect

The body which exercises democratic control over the operation of the EU correct incorrect

* not completed

Which for the following is not an absolute right guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights?

Right to life correct incorrect

Freedom from slavery correct incorrect

Freedom from torture correct incorrect

Right to a private and family life correct incorrect

* not completed

Which of the following statements most accurately states the approach of the UK courts to the interpretation of legislation under s.3 of Human Rights Act 1998?

Under s.3, the UK courts must interpret legislation, so far as it is possible to do so, in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights. correct incorrect

Under s.3, the UK courts must find an ambiguity in legislation in order to be able to read the legislation in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights. correct incorrect

Under s.3, the UK courts cannot give an interpretation to the words used in a piece of legislation that the words will not bear. correct incorrect

Under s.3, the UK courts are obliged to give the literal interpretation of the word in the Convention. correct incorrect

* not completed

In order to be considered a 'state' for the purposes of international law, which one of the following is not a pre-requisite?

Established human rights laws correct incorrect

A permanent population correct incorrect

A defined territory correct incorrect

A capacity to enter into relations with other states correct incorrect