Chapter 22 Quiz A with Explanations

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. What led to growing numbers of people being involved in the Enlightenment?

Rapid urbanization correct incorrect

The growth of literacy correct incorrect

The increase in participatory government correct incorrect

The decline of class distinction correct incorrect

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. Which eighteenth-century writer criticized European society through his work The Persian Letters?

Baron Louis Montesquieu correct incorrect

John Locke correct incorrect

Voltaire correct incorrect

Denis Diderot correct incorrect

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. What was the main argument of eighteenth-century Scottish philosopher Adam Smith in his work On the Wealth of Nations?

He proposed that an economy can prosper only through regulation. correct incorrect

He put forward that social mobility was at the core of the economic expansion. correct incorrect

He proposed that economic prosperity was linked to military expansion. correct incorrect

He suggested that a free market replace mercantilist policies. correct incorrect

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. Why were salons and coffeehouses important during the Enlightenment?

They produced revenue for the growing European economy. correct incorrect

They were centers of political activism in Europe. correct incorrect

They produced a public sphere in which people could meet and exchange ideas. correct incorrect

They were organized to spread anti-liberal ideas. correct incorrect

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. Why did eighteenth-century monarchs like Frederick the Great make use of Enlightenment ideas?

To enhance their power at the expense of the nobility's. correct incorrect

To show that they were part of European culture correct incorrect

To encourage greater economic development correct incorrect

To give commoners a greater role in government correct incorrect

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. How did the Bourbon Reforms affect the Catholic Church in Spain and the colonies during the eighteenth century?

They led to the papal excommunication of the Bourbon ruler of Spain. correct incorrect

They led to the banning of the Jesuit order. correct incorrect

They led to the secularization of Spanish society. correct incorrect

They led to greater religious toleration in the Spanish colonies. correct incorrect

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. The expense of the Seven Years' War in the eighteenth century led the British government to

sponsor more privateering in the Caribbean. correct incorrect

seek out additional gold and silver sources. correct incorrect

cut spending on the British Navy. correct incorrect

increase taxation in their colonies. correct incorrect

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. The colonists were able to force the British to surrender at Yorktown in 1781 with the important help of

native American troops. correct incorrect

the Spanish. correct incorrect

the French. correct incorrect

the Dutch. correct incorrect

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. What contributed to the collapse of the French monarchy in 1789?

Government debt correct incorrect

A conflict over succession correct incorrect

A war with Spain correct incorrect

Religious conflict correct incorrect

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. In 1789, what did the French National Assembly do to improve commercial activity?

It created a national bank to foster investment in commercial activity. correct incorrect

It signed trade agreements with Britain and Austria. correct incorrect

It ended the guild system and abolished institutions that would hold back trade. correct incorrect

It confiscated business owned by the nobility and gave them to the commoners. correct incorrect

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. How did Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety justify its violent campaign, starting in 1793, to eliminate all the enemies of the revolution?

They were under pressure from the poor of Paris. correct incorrect

They believed they were carrying out the citizens' general will. correct incorrect

They were fighting a civil war to preserve the revolution. correct incorrect

They believed that maintaining order superseded all individual rights. correct incorrect

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. How did the position of French women change as a result of the Code Napoleon issued at the beginning of the nineteenth century?

They made gains in property ownership but failed to obtain equality. correct incorrect

They gained equal voting rights with men. correct incorrect

They lost all rights over their property but gained the right to divorce. correct incorrect

They lost any gains made during the first decade of the revolution. correct incorrect

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. What was the purpose of the 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna?

To transition to constitutional monarchies throughout Europe correct incorrect

To divide defeated France between the members of the coalition correct incorrect

To restore the political order as it had been before the French Revolution correct incorrect

To bring Napoleon and his associates to justice correct incorrect

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. What initiated uprisings in Latin America after 1808?

The inspiration of the Haitian Revolution correct incorrect

The French conquest of Spain correct incorrect

Economic disruption caused by war correct incorrect

The escalation of social conflict correct incorrect

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. Why did the rebellion in Mexico, first led by Father Miguel Hidalgo and then by other mulatto, mestizo, and creole leaders, fail to remove the colonial government by 1815?

The arrival of Spanish troops from Iberia turned the tide. correct incorrect

The rebel effort collapsed due to a lack of supplies. correct incorrect

The Spanish were able to isolate and destroy individual rebel armies. correct incorrect

The Spanish were able to turn the non-creole armies against the creoles. correct incorrect

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. What role did caudillos play in rebellions against Spanish rule in South America in the early nineteenth century?

They acted as negotiators between the Spanish and the rebels. correct incorrect

They provided the funding for rebel armies. correct incorrect

They were able to raise armies from all elements of society. correct incorrect

They hindered rebellions in order to benefit themselves. correct incorrect

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. Which independence leader called for the creation of a unified South America called Gran Columbia in the early nineteenth century?

Simon Bolivar correct incorrect

José Gervasio Artigas correct incorrect

Vicente Guerrero correct incorrect

José de San Martin correct incorrect

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. During the mid-eighteenth century, the Great Awakening emerged from which faith in Britain and North America?

Catholicism correct incorrect

Protestantism correct incorrect

Judaism correct incorrect

Orthodoxy correct incorrect

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. What was the significance of the alliance between the Wahhabis and the house of ibn Sa'id in the late eighteenth century?

It provided the Wahhabis with financial support. correct incorrect

It gave the Wahhabis access to Ottoman religious officials. correct incorrect

It provided the Wahhabis with able missionaries. correct incorrect

It gave the Wahhabis both political and military strength. correct incorrect