Chapter 02 Quiz B with Explanations

. What significant development contributed to farming along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 5000 B.C.E.?

People invented irrigated agriculture.

People domesticated wheat and barley.

People coordinated their resources in cities.

People imported new technologies from Africa.

. What evidence have scholars found that a social hierarchy was developing in Mesopotamian villages between 5000 and 3200 B.C.E.?

Significantly larger dwellings for some village inhabitants

Considerable monetary wealth found hidden in some villagers' dwellings

More and finer goods found in certain graves

Arrangement of villages indicated greater social separation

. What has recent archeological research indicated about the relationship between irrigation and the development of centralized authority in river-valley cultures?

Strong central authority was needed to initiate and maintain irrigation projects on river-valleys.

Centralized authority was necessary to protect major irrigation projects from foreign involvement.

Irrigation projects were carried out by smaller communities and centralized authority came about later.

Irrigation projects required strong centralized authority to mitigate land and water disputes.

. What role did religion play in the relationship between the ancient Sumerian city of Uruk and the agricultural villages around it?

It gave an ideological reason for the transfer of agricultural products from the countryside to the city.

It gave the city rulers justification to confiscate farmers' land for their personal use.

It gave priests absolute authority over all village matters.

It gave religious justification for the production of certain agricultural products used in temple ceremonies.

. The growth of pottery production in Uruk by artisans from 3200-1600 B.C.E. is an example of

the government organizing artisans to produce for a certain need.

growth in the demand for pottery due to increased urbanization.

the need for better quality pottery.

the growth in specialized labor production for the commercial marketplace.

. Around 3000 B.C.E. the competition over resources between Mesopotamian city-states led to a shift in power from religious authority to

military authority.

tribal authority.

decentralized authority found in councils.

authority based on the merchant elites.

. In the 18th century B.C.E. Hammurabi established a state with its capital at

Ur

Akkad

Babylon

Uruk

. In Mesopotamia, as well as in all other societies of that time, a majority of people made their living through

pottery making.

agriculture.

military service.

commerce.

. In Mesopotamia, what became an important aspect of royal ideology?

Kings needed to take into account the welfare of all citizens for their society to function well.

Kings needed to use significant amounts of coercion to keep society operating.

Kings needed to build large palaces and tombs to impress their people.

Kings needed to give away all that they owned to show that they were like everyone else.

. In Mesopotamia, the social system in which women were dominated by men was called a(n)

matriarchy.

patriarchy.

theocracy.

oligarchy.

. One of the most important contributions of Sumerto the written culture of Southwest Asia was

the development of a simplified writing system based on vowels.

the production of paper made of woven reeds.

the training of all urban dwellers in writing.

the development of the cuneiform script.

. Enheduanna, a daughter of King Sargon, is significant to literary history as the

inventor of cuneiform.

first known poet.

author of the first epic story.

author of the laws of Hammurabi.

. How did Mesopotamian mathematics influence world history?

It influenced units of measure that we still use today.

It made Mesopotamia the center of technical innovation.

It allowed for more accurate record-keeping than ever before.

It provided future generations with an incorrect view of the solar system.

. What were the two main cultures to develop in the Bronze Age Aegean world by the second millennium B.C.E.?

Greek and Roman

Persian and Greek

Minoan and Mycenaean

Egyptian and Mesopotamian

. In order to record commercial exchanges the Minoans developed a writing system known as

Linear A.

Linear B.

cuneiform.

Sanskrit.

. How were Mycenaean centers of commerce different from Minoan centers?

Mycenaean centers were for internal trade while Minoan centers were for international trade.

Mycenaean centers focused on fortresses while Minoan centers focused on undefended palaces.

Mycenaean centers did not use writing to keep economic records while Minoan centers did.

Mycenaean centers had few defensive structures while Minoan centers were heavily defended.

. What was the effect of the trade in luxury goods in the Eastern Mediterranean between 1600 and 1200 B.C.E.?

It greatly enhanced the wealth of kings.

It greatly increased the amount of trade by land.

It contributed to the increase in warfare over luxury items.

It contributed to the intensification of connections between societies.

. What was a major cause for the decline in the international system after 1200 B.C.E. in the Mediterranean world?

Internal revolts by the lower classes left states open to invasion.

Mesopotamia grew into a powerful military state.

Natural disasters and ecological degradation led to financial ruin.

Warfare between Egypt and the Hittites led to the military collapse of both states.

. After its unification, the center of political life and social development in Egypt was

in large urban centers.

among the landed nobility.

in the person of the ruler.

the Nile River valley.

. The unique writing system developed in Egypt around 3000 B.C.E. was called

hieroglyphics

Phoenician.

cuneiform.

Sanskrit.

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