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. By the eighth century BC, the city of Sparta had developed from four villages on the plain of Laconia, plus the nearby town of Amyclae.

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. Sparta was conveniently located within one mile of the nearest port.

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. After the First Messenian War, the Spartans allowed the majority of the conquered inhabitants of Messenia to become perioikoi.

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. A Spartan boy who failed to live up to military ideals would be treated with contempt by both his family and by society at large.

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. While adult men were expected to join a syssition, they did not have to contribute anything to it.

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. While helots lived in families and were not sold outside the state, a group were beaten and some killed every year to remind them that they were slaves.

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. The helots' farms were responsible for supporting the Spartans.

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. The Spartans believed in social equality among male citizens and described themselves as homoioi.

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. A Spartan woman had no prescribed domestic duties other than bearing children.

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. In order to maintain the male population, Spartan soldiers were encouraged to surrender in battle.

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. Spartans had three basileis instead of one.

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. The kings shared some of their ruling powers with the Gerousia, which consisted of men aged sixty and older.

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. Both men and women belonged to the Assembly.

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. Near the end of the sixth century BC, Sparta and its allies formed the Peloponnesian League to ensure their mutual safety.

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