* not completed

. In the nature-nurture debate, nurture refers to

the environmental influences on an organism correct incorrect

the innate characteristics of the mind correct incorrect

the genetic influence of an organism’s parents correct incorrect

the shared traits of family members correct incorrect

* not completed

. Genes are best described as

the physical characteristics of an organism correct incorrect

the recessive traits grouped into nuclei correct incorrect

the functional units of DNA grouped along chromosomes correct incorrect

the structural patterns grouped into DNA correct incorrect

* not completed

. The set of instructions that is contained within DNA for any living organism is known as the organism’s _________________. The observable traits of any living organism are known as the organism’s_______________.

phenotype; genotype correct incorrect

genotype; phenotype correct incorrect

homotype; heterotype correct incorrect

genotype; heterotype correct incorrect

* not completed

. A gene is likely to replicate itself if

the gene occurs in large quantities in the genome correct incorrect

the organism receives all of its genes from its mother correct incorrect

the gene is unresponsive to environmental influence correct incorrect

the gene guides behavior that leads a person to survive correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is true of the heritability of psychological traits in twin studies?

Monozygotic twins tend to exhibit more similar psychological traits than dizygotic twins. correct incorrect

Family members of monozygotic twins are more similar than family members of dizygotic twins. correct incorrect

Pairs of dizygotic twins tend to be more genetically similar than pairs of monozygotic twins. correct incorrect

Dizygotic twins are more similar than monozygotic twins and other siblings on many psychological traits. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Simon repeatedly asks his father to take him to the museum so that he may experience all of the vivid colors in the paintings hung there. Which type of gene-environment correlation is likely occurring?

active correct incorrect

passive correct incorrect

reactive correct incorrect

repetitive correct incorrect

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. Rosie showed an early interest in music, and she often ran over to the piano and banged on the keys for the enjoyment of it. As an adolescent Rosie became a talented pianist and songwriter. This is an example of

an active gene-environment correlation correct incorrect

a reactive gene-environment interaction correct incorrect

a passive gene-environment correlation correct incorrect

a proactive gene-environment interaction correct incorrect

* not completed

. All of the following are examples of facts about evolution, EXCEPT

The earth is at least 4.5 billion years old. correct incorrect

Birds and mammals did not exist 250 million years ago. correct incorrect

Some major life forms, such as the dinosaurs, are now extinct. correct incorrect

Behavioral traits are selected based on fitness to the environment. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A chameleon is able to change color to blend into its surroundings. Doing so helps it avoid predators when it is feeding. Chameleons also tend to sit out on tree limbs and rocks to bathe in sunlight. Which of the chameleon’s traits is most adaptive?

feeding during the day correct incorrect

sunbathing correct incorrect

changing color correct incorrect

having short limbs correct incorrect

* not completed

. These traits have been passed from generation to generation in the form of behaviors and mental processes, called

psychological adaptations correct incorrect

natural selections correct incorrect

Darwinian processes correct incorrect

environmental adaptations correct incorrect

* not completed

. All of the following statements regarding a woman’s minimal parental investment are true, EXCEPT

As a woman ages, her supply of eggs dwindles. correct incorrect

A woman’s window of fertility is much smaller than a man’s. correct incorrect

Women must share physical resources with an unborn child. correct incorrect

Throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding, the mother is less vulnerable to infection. correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to Trivers’s theory of sexual selection, males evolved more aggressive behaviors because

males who were less aggressive attracted more mates than females correct incorrect

male ancestors who were more aggressive reproduced more successfully correct incorrect

the human genome permits males to grow larger than females correct incorrect

the environment is such that males must be able to lift larger objects than females correct incorrect

* not completed

. Of particular importance to critics of evolutionary psychology is the criticism that

evolutionary psychology is not very useful in understanding commonalities among people correct incorrect

most evolutionary studies in psychology are not carefully controlled correct incorrect

some evolutionary psychologists seemed to have misinterpreted Charles Darwin correct incorrect

some evolutionary psychologists also work in fields like anthropology and sociology correct incorrect

* not completed

. A society can be defined as

any enduring and cooperating group of people correct incorrect

the collection of enduring behaviors and customs of a group of people correct incorrect

any members of a small tribe or sect correct incorrect

a set of principles for moral behavior correct incorrect

* not completed

. Throughout evolution, humans passed on traditions, behaviors, and customs to the next generation. These things can be called

culture correct incorrect

society correct incorrect

tribe correct incorrect

order correct incorrect

* not completed

. The United States and much of Europe tend to be categorized as individualist, meaning that

the individual is more important than the group correct incorrect

the group is more important than the individual correct incorrect

the traditional behaviors of the individual sexes are restricted in specific ways correct incorrect

the accomplishments of groups are held in high esteem correct incorrect

* not completed

. Japanese culture is typical of this type of Eastern way of life based on the importance of groups.

pluralist correct incorrect

collectivist correct incorrect

socialist correct incorrect

group dynamic correct incorrect

* not completed

. Power distance of a culture reflects the degree to which

the distribution of power favors the strong and weak members of society correct incorrect

the less powerful members of society accept and expect that some individuals will wield power while others will lack power correct incorrect

the more powerful members of the ruling class expect other individuals to serve their needs correct incorrect

the ruling members of society isolate themselves from each other while promoting peace correct incorrect

* not completed

. Feminine cultures are typically those that

place a heavy emphasis on quality of life, family, and relationships correct incorrect

promote the values of feminism and equality of the sexes correct incorrect

place a strong emphasis on war, competition, and commerce correct incorrect

influence members of society to choose one mate for an entire lifetime correct incorrect

* not completed

. Cultures that promote structured work environments are also those that

promote the exploitation of cheap labor forces correct incorrect

keep the balance of power tipped toward managers and executives correct incorrect

underestimate the problems inherent in a free-market economy correct incorrect

promote reduction of stress and uncertainty in members of society correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of self-enhancement?

Roberta is an excellent hairdresser, but she criticizes her performance when a client is in a bad mood. correct incorrect

Linda keeps as many mirrors around as possible because she needs to look at herself constantly to keep a healthy level of self-esteem. correct incorrect

Keisha avoids burnout at work by writing down at least three things that went well even at the end of particularly bad workdays. correct incorrect

Kelvin describes himself as a neurotic mess when it comes to dating. correct incorrect

* not completed

. You observe a contractor yelling at one of his employees and immediately conclude that the contractor is mean and overbearing. If you make this conclusion without knowing that, moments before, the employee had racially insulted the contractor, you have succumbed to the

fundamental attribution error correct incorrect

fundamental theorem of culture correct incorrect

race-relations bias correct incorrect

self-serving bias correct incorrect

* not completed

. This theory describes the influence of social organizations on the behaviors of men and women, especially regarding sexual selection and parental investment.

social attitude theory correct incorrect

patriarchal theory correct incorrect

social psychology correct incorrect

social role theory correct incorrect

* not completed

. What do social-role theorists mean when they say there is a double standard for sexual behavior?

Men will continue to receive negative social messages for engaging in the very behaviors that women find enticing. correct incorrect

Men will continue to receive negative social messages for engaging in the very behaviors for which women receive positive messages. correct incorrect

Women will continue to receive negative social messages for engaging in the very behaviors that men find enticing. correct incorrect

Women will continue to receive negative social messages for engaging in the very behaviors for which men receive positive messages. correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to sociocultural research, a greater level of equality between men and women in a particular culture leads to

fewer rates of abortions over a woman’s lifetime correct incorrect

smaller differences between men’s and women’s interest in status and resources in a mate correct incorrect

fewer divorces due disagreements about attractiveness correct incorrect

greater differences between men’s and women’s fantasies surrounding resources in a mate correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to sociocultural research, a greater level of equality between men and women in a particular culture leads to

fewer rates of abortions over a woman’s lifetime correct incorrect

smaller differences between men’s and women’s interest in status and resources in a mate correct incorrect

fewer divorces due disagreements about attractiveness correct incorrect

greater differences between men’s and women’s fantasies surrounding resources in a mate correct incorrect