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Chapter 8 Multiple Choice Questions
Policy Instruments and Effectiveness
Quiz Content
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Which of the following statements best describes policy instruments?
They are unhelpful for addressing environmental problems.
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They are merely neutral technical options devoid of political considerations.
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Their use often rests on normative and political ideas.
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incorrect
They only refer to forms of formal regulation.
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Important behavioural changes induced by an international treaty reflect which type of effectiveness?
Output
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Outcome
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Outlier
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Impact
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that explains differing degrees of effectiveness between regimes?
The timing of when the regimes were created
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The structure of the environmental problem
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Scientific (un)certainty
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The policy instruments used
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A carbon tax is an example of which type of implementation instrument?
Regulation
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Persuasion
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Incentive
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Service
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What is the most commonly used instrument for verifying compliance?
Enquiry
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Sanctions
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Naming and shaming
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Reporting
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Why are enforcement mechanisms rarely used in global environmental politics?
Enforcement mechanisms are banned under international law.
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States are unwilling to cede sovereign rights to international treaties.
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Enforcement mechanisms are unpopular because the public does not desire environmental protection.
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Enforcement mechanisms are impossible to use in the international system because of the lack of a central authority.
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Which of the following is NOT a trend reflected in the diffusion of instruments within global environmental politics?
Commodification
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Growing importance of transparency
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Growing use of voluntary instruments
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Declining involvement of private actors
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A policy instrument that diffuses from one issue area to another because it is perceived as effective is an example of which type of diffusion?
Coercion
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Competition
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Learning
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Socialization
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Why do some argue that intellectual property rights may be counterproductive for environmental protection?
Intellectual property rights can inhibit the diffusion of environmentally friendly technology.
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Intellectual property rights will disincentivize the development of environmentally friendly technology.
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Intellectual property rights prohibit governments from restricting the use of environmentally harmful technology.
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Intellectual property rights are impossible to enforce in the international system.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of the potential negative effects policy instruments may create?
Institutional inertia
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Ecological modernization
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Reinforcement of power imbalances
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Unintended practical consequences
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