Chapter 23 Quiz

. Which statement is the best definition of external respiration?

The bulk flow of air or water to and from the gas-exchange membrane

The thin layer of tissue, typically consisting of one or two epithelia, that separates the internal tissues of the animal from the environment

The process by which O₂ is transported from the environment to the gas-exchange membrane and CO₂ is transported from the membrane to the environment

The use of O₂ at the mitochondria, along with the production of CO₂, during aerobic metabolism

. The partial pressure of O₂ in the blood leaving the breathing organ depends on the

amount of blood.

flow of air or water at the interface.

size of the respiratory organ.

amount of blood and flow of air or water at the interface.

. Which morphology allows for the most efficient gas exchange?

Cocurrent

Countercurrent

Cross-current

Concurrent

. A blood sample that has an extremely low partial pressure of CO₂ is most likely from a(n)

fish.

marine animal.

terrestrial animal.

animal exchanging respiratory gas with water.

. Which animal group tends to have the thinnest gas-exchange membrane?

Mammals

Birds

Nonavian reptiles

Amphibians

. The protective external flap that covers the gills on a fish's head is called the

operculum.

secondary lamellae.

gill arches.

gill slits.

. The major stimulus for increased ventilation in fish is

decreased O₂.

increased exercise.

decreased temperature.

both decreased O₂ and increased exercise.

. Carbon dioxide excretion in the bullfrog is highest across the

lungs only in the adult stage.

skin at all stages.

gills during the tadpole stage.

gills during the adult stage only.

. Which animals use positive pressure ventilation?

Amphibians

Birds

Mammals

Reptiles

. Which statement regarding mammalian ventilation is false?

Gas exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles.

Inspiration always requires muscle contraction.

Expiration always requires muscle contraction.

There is no convective movement of gas in the alveoli.

. The maximal possible tidal volume is called the

inspiratory reserve volume.

vital capacity.

expiratory reserve volume.

tidal volume.

. In mammals, moving air into the lungs is achieved mainly by

relaxing the abdominals.

contracting the diaphragm.

relaxing the diaphragm.

contracting the abdominals.

. In mammals, ventilation is modulated by chemosensation of

CO₂.

CO₂ and H⁺.

CO₂ and O₂.

CO₂, H⁺, and O₂.

. The substance responsible for the prevention of alveolar collapse is

surfactant.

mucous.

water.

anticohesive.

. The bellows action used by birds in breathing is generated by

contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm.

contraction and relaxation of intercostals.

expansion and compression of the air sacs.

expansion and compression of the parabronchi.

. The gas-exchange system in birds is

concurrent.

countercurrent.

cross-current.

anticurrent.

. Within the molluscs, a lung modified from the mantle cavity to allow respiration of air on land is seen in which group?

Snails

Bivalves

Cephalopods

Decapod crustaceans

. The entrance to the insect tracheal system is via

modified lungs.

modified gills.

air sacs.

spiracles.

. In insects, oxygen moves through the tracheal system by

diffusion.

both diffusion and convection.

rhythmic tracheal compression.

diffusion, convection, and rhythmic tracheal compression.

. Which animal uses a tracheal system?

Sea star

Mollusc

Crayfish

Flea

Chapter 23 Quiz

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