Chapter 1 Quiz

. Which statement regarding the discipline of physiology is false?

Physiologists study how animals work.

Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the fundamental biology of all animals.

Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals.

Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the social context of human disease.

. Which of the following is an example of a possible physiological effect a river dam could impose on migrating Pacific salmon?

It could completely block the salmon's migration.

The salmon may get past the dam, but their efforts cost them too much energy.

The salmon may get past the dam, but subsequent navigation may be impaired.

It could slow the salmon, making them more vulnerable to predation.

. Which statement regarding fish gills best approximates the description of a mechanism?

Freshwater fish use ATP to pump ions inward across the gill membrane.

Fish with more gill surface area have an advantage in hypoxic water.

Gills evolved as an organ to extract oxygen from the water.

The larger the fish, the larger the gill surface area must be to support its metabolism.

. Populations of one salmon species differ genetically, and this difference increases as the physical distance between the populations increases. This statement refers to the study of which level of organization?

Systems physiology

Morphology

Ecology

Evolution

. Which is the most accurate description of the mechanism of the light-emitting reaction in the firefly?

Oxygen reacts with luciferin to produce light.

Oxygen reacts with luciferyl-AMP to produce light.

Nitric oxide reacts with luciferin to produce light.

Nitric oxide reacts with luciferyl-AMP to produce light.

. The increase in frequency of genes that produce phenotypes that raise the likelihood that an animal will survive and reproduce is called

feedback.

adaptive significance.

natural selection.

adaptation.

. Which statement regarding fish eyes and octopus eyes is most accurate?

They are similar in gross appearance and functional performance but differ in their adaptive significance and mechanisms.

They are similar in gross appearance, functional performance, and adaptive significance but differ in their mechanisms.

They are similar in gross appearance, functional performance, adaptive significance, and mechanism.

They differ in gross appearance, functional performance, and adaptive significance, but are similar in their mechanisms.

. If an animal permits internal and external conditions to be equal, it is said to show

conformity.

regulation.

homeostasis.

physiological independence.

. Which statement regarding conformity and regulation is false?

Animals can be both regulators and conformers.

Conformity and regulation are extremes; intermediate responses are more common.

Animals frequently show conformity with respect to some characteristics while regulating others.

Conformity costs more energy to maintain than regulation.

. Testosterone is released by the testes in response to luteinizing hormone, released from the pituitary gland. As circulating testosterone levels rise, they act on the pituitary gland to reduce the secretion of luteinizing hormone, thus reducing the production of testosterone. This is an example of

positive feedback.

negative feedback.

adaptation.

acclimation.

. The surprise of a phone call at 3:00 am results in an increase in heart rate. This is an example of a(n)

acute change.

chronic change.

evolutionary change.

change controlled by a biological clock.

. An artic fox growing a thicker fur layer for the winter is an example of a(n)

acute change.

chronic change.

evolutionary change.

developmental change.

. Length of gestation _______ body size in mammals.

is inversely proportional to

is independent of

is unrelated to

scales as an exponential function of

. The lowest temperature inhabited by active communities of relatively large, temperature-conforming animals is

1.9°C.

0°C.

–1.9°C.

–10°C.

. The number of species of swallowtail butterflies tends to

increase at high longitudes.

increase at low latitudes.

increase at high latitudes.

increase at high altitudes.

. The altitude limit at which dedicated human climbers can climb without supplemental oxygen is about

5000 m.

8000 m.

12,000 m.

15,000 m.

. In the summer, a sun-heated lake will tend to have the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen

at the lake's surface.

about 2 m below the lake's surface.

at about the middle depth of the lake.

at the bottom of the lake.

. For terrestrial animals, one of the greatest physiological challenges is

obtaining food.

obtaining oxygen.

preventing water loss.

locomotion.

. A change of gene frequencies over time in a population of organisms is referred to as

evolution.

adaptation.

genetic drift.

pleiotropy.

. The process of chance assuming a preeminent role in altering gene frequencies is called

evolution.

adaptation.

genetic drift.

natural selection.

. Which statement best describes the data in the figure below?

All 35 mice have virtually identical maximum O₂ consumption values to each other.

Maximum O₂ consumption in the 35 mice changed over time.

Maximum O₂ consumption varied among the 35 mice.

Natural selection is acting on maximum O₂ consumption.

. Variation in maximum O₂ consumption rate among human populations is

due to both genetic and nongenetic causes.

primarily due to genetic causes.

primarily due to nongenetic causes.

what determines the nature of a person's athletic ability.

Chapter 1 Quiz

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