Chapter 8 Quiz

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The nahda can also be called

the Arabic literary renaissance. correct incorrect

the newspaper revolution. correct incorrect

the enlightenment of education. correct incorrect

the Islamic revival movement. correct incorrect

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Where did most of the intellectuals who identified with the nadha come from?

Istanbul and Cairo correct incorrect

Syria and Lebanon correct incorrect

Palestine and Arabia correct incorrect

Baghdad and Jerusalem correct incorrect

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What religious movement emerged in Persia in the middle of the nineteenth century in response to social and economic problems?

Baha'ism correct incorrect

Salafism correct incorrect

Zoroastrianism correct incorrect

Wahhabism correct incorrect

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Where did the modern feminist movement originate in the Middle East during the early twentieth century?

Turkey correct incorrect

Egypt correct incorrect

Algeria correct incorrect

Persia correct incorrect

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What did Middle Eastern intellectual and cultural movements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries need to be successful?

They had to be firmly grounded in conservative Sunni theology. correct incorrect

They had to have considerable economic resources at their disposal. correct incorrect

They had to be compatible with the international state system and global world economy. correct incorrect

They had to have acceptance from European governments. correct incorrect

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Which Ottoman ruler utilized Islamic rhetoric to frame his policies of centralization and "modernization" in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Mahmud II correct incorrect

Abdulhamid II correct incorrect

Muhammad ibn Sa'ud correct incorrect

Mehmet Ali correct incorrect

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What did many in the Islamic world blame for their decline in relation to the Western world?

Their abandonment of the original teachings and doctrines of Islam. correct incorrect

The introduction of European inspired universities into the Middle East. correct incorrect

Their acceptance of European culture and social organization. correct incorrect

The overall impact of Middle Eastern states utilizing defensive developmentalism. correct incorrect

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What do salafis look towards as a model for the political and moral renewal of Islam?

The writings of the founder of the nineteenth century Babi movement. correct incorrect

The community established by Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahab in central Arabia. correct incorrect

The philosophy of the French intellectual Auguste Comte. correct incorrect

The first Muslim community established by Muhammad in Medina. correct incorrect

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Where did a salafi political party garner one-quarter of the seats in parliament in the aftermath of the Arab uprisings of 2010-2011?

Tunisia correct incorrect

Syria correct incorrect

Egypt correct incorrect

Turkey correct incorrect

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Salafis rely on the Qur'an and ________ to understand the original Muslim community in Medina.

Islamic law correct incorrect

hadith correct incorrect

ijtihad correct incorrect

sufism correct incorrect

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What is ijtihad?

It is the use of independent judgement based upon reason to add to Islamic law. correct incorrect

It is the use of voting by the community to add to Islamic law. correct incorrect

It is the purification of Islamic law of foreign influences by Muslim scholars. correct incorrect

It is the expansion of Islamic law based on interpretation by scholars of European law. correct incorrect

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Members of the moral reconstructionist movement were organized into networks called

salafi orders. correct incorrect

turuq. correct incorrect

savants. correct incorrect

ijtihad. correct incorrect

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Which group organized resistance to the Italian occupation of Libya in the early twentieth century?

The Young Ottomans correct incorrect

Wahhabis correct incorrect

The Sanusiyya correct incorrect

The Zaydis correct incorrect

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Where did Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab establish a puritanical movement that led to the foundation of an Islamic state in 1803?

Arabia correct incorrect

Anatolia correct incorrect

Libya correct incorrect

Egypt correct incorrect

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What is the name given to those who argue that true Islam is compatible with Western notions of progress and other modern ideas?

Salafis correct incorrect

Islamic modernists correct incorrect

Sanusiyya correct incorrect

Savants correct incorrect

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By using the Islamic principle of "shura," what did the Young Ottomans advocate for in the Ottoman Empire?

A new form of Islamic law. correct incorrect

The removal of the Sultan and the introduction of a democracy. correct incorrect

A constitution. correct incorrect

A renewed effort to implement defensive developmentalism. correct incorrect

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In his philosophy of Positivism, August Comte believed that societies should be based on

religion. correct incorrect

science. correct incorrect

wealth. correct incorrect

heredity. correct incorrect

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Who advocated for constitutional reform in Persia in his Book of Reform?

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani correct incorrect

August Comte correct incorrect

Mirza Malkom Khan correct incorrect

Henri Comte de Saint-Simon correct incorrect

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In Persia, what did the Usuli school believe was the role of the ulama in society?

It believed that members of the ulama, called mujtahids, had the right to interpret Islamic law using ijtihad. correct incorrect

It believed that members of the ulama should have no role in the reinterpretation of Islamic law. correct incorrect

It believed that the ulama should work with the Qajar rulers to modernize the country using defensive developmentalism. correct incorrect

It believed that Sunni doctrine should replace Shi'a doctrine in the development of Islamic law. correct incorrect

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What did both Mirza Malkom Khan and al-Afghani want to use to facilitate social change?

secularism correct incorrect

religion correct incorrect

socialism correct incorrect

science correct incorrect