Chapter 12 Self-test questions

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. Which of the following is NOT one of the main questions that securitization theory addresses?

What makes something a security issue? correct incorrect

What kind of responses does this call for? correct incorrect

What states are involved in the security issue? correct incorrect

What are the specific consequences of agreeing that something is a threat? correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is not a common criticism of Securitization?

The development of the framework away from its narrow focus on securitizing speech acts has led to concerns about a loss of theoretical coherence. correct incorrect

Empirical studies on securitization are rarely clear about the specific method(s) they use and are rarely transparent about the choices they rest on. correct incorrect

The development of contemporary securitization is too narrow in its focus. correct incorrect

Disagreements on the normative and ethical dimension of securitization studies, in particular, their status as a 'critical theory' correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is a component of a typical sequence of securitization?

Securitizing speech-act correct incorrect

The audience correct incorrect

Securitized issue correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect

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. What role does language play in the process of securitization?

By articulating an issue using the language of security that issue makes the transition from the discursive political realm to the security realm. correct incorrect

The speech act is the end point of the two-stage process of securitization; at this point the legitimacy of the existential threat is established and the right to employ special measures in addressing the threat is granted to the securitizing actor. correct incorrect

The presentation of an issue as threatening the survival of a referent object is referred to as a speech act. The process of securitization consists of this articulation of the speech act, and accordingly is referred to as a discursive model. correct incorrect

The articulation of an issue as a security threat is referred to as a speech act. This speech act is presented to an audience by a securitizing actor. This actor attempts to convince that audience of the credibility of the issue as an existential threat to a specific referent object. If successful, the audience is convinced and the securitizing actor is granted recourse to legitimately use extraordinary measures in response to the threat. correct incorrect

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. According to Huysmans, in what ways has European integration led to "the securitization of immigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees in the EU" (2000: 753)?

The transformation of EU's external borders into sophisticated systems of impenetrable fences correct incorrect

All of these correct incorrect

The constitution and growth of FRONTEX correct incorrect

Increasing visibility of anti-migrant sentiments correct incorrect

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. In what ways are the debates of migration linked to investigations of the securitization of religion?

The depiction by many Western political leaders of Muslims as both dangerous and foreign have seen many scholars suggest that religion, in particular Islam, has been co-securitized. correct incorrect

Migration and religion have always been linked. In particular the spread of religion through churches and colonial empires has seen contemporary debates around migration linked to the securitization of religion. correct incorrect

Migration and religion are often falsely linked. While the vast majority of migrants in contemporary times are Muslim, contemporary immigration discourse is not linked to religion. correct incorrect

The securitization of Christianity has been linked to increased levels of anti-religious discrimination in Western democracies. correct incorrect

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. In what ways is the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic a 'textbook' case of securitization?

Speech-acts by State leaders proclaiming to be at "war" correct incorrect

Threats to the existence of the Nation saw the implementation of extraordinary measures such as curfews and lockdowns. correct incorrect

The virus was presented as a fundamental security threat. correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect

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. Empirical studies of securitization have chiefly focused on which four main issues?

Migration, religion, the environment and climate change, and health correct incorrect

Migration, the state, the environment and climate change, and health correct incorrect

Migration, religion, the state, and health correct incorrect

Religion, the state, the environment and climate change, and health correct incorrect

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. What is securitization theory?

It is a framework that helps us understand the process through which an issue is deemed a security threat. While traditionally focused on the "speech-act", recent work incorporates the role of images as well as affective and emotional processes. correct incorrect

It is a framework that helps us understand how to respond to security threats. By focusing on the "speech-act" securitization theory allows us to see how political elites manipulate citizens to respond to crises. correct incorrect

It is a process that allows us to understand what issues are in the national interest. Securitization theory allows us to separate the national from the international. correct incorrect

None of the above correct incorrect

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. When was securitization theory originally developed?

It was originally developed after World War II. correct incorrect

It was originally developed after World War I. correct incorrect

It was originally developed during the final years of the Cold War. correct incorrect

It was originally developed alongside the United Nations. correct incorrect