Chapter 11 Self-Quiz

. What is the main moral point of Leopold's article about the Flambeau River?

The river is an end in itself.

The river provides important resources for building.

The river is an important wildlife habitat.

The river has economic importance for people living in the area.

The river offers a special sort of experience that our grandchildren may not get.

. The current environmental policy is, in Sagoff's words, "pitched entirely at the level of the __________."

corporation

legislative branch

consumer

small business

None of the above

. Not all of us, according to Sagoff, see "ourselves simply as __________."

business moguls

human beings

kings

consumers

children

. For Leopold, what gave the adventurers thrills?

The elemental simplicity of wilderness

The complete freedom to make mistakes

Knowing that one must never make mistakes

Both (a) and (b)

None of the above

. Baxter shows how specific questions regarding policies, such as those of an environmental nature, are one way of uncovering what?

Specific individual motives

General community goals

A scandal

A general policy agenda

Governmental disingenuousness

. Which of the following is NOT one of Baxter's criteria that constitute his position regarding pollution?

The spheres of freedom criterion

Waste is bad.

Humans should not be considered a means.

Incentive and opportunity to gain satisfaction

Redistribution of pollution

. Friedman believes who is to blame for pollution?

Government officials

Dairy farmers

Scientists

Consumers

All of the above

. Although Bowie agrees that business has an obligation to protect the environment, where is it that Bowie would disagree with many environmentalists?

In where the power to bring about change lies

In where the obligation lies

In where the money must come from within the business

In whether or not the government should help

In whether or not the ozone layer is at risk

. It is a principle of ethics that "ought" implies "can." What does this mean?

If you can do something, you ought to do it.

There are some things you ought to do, but you can't.

There are some things you can do, but you ought not.

You are only morally responsible for things that you are capable of doing.

You are only morally responsible for things that you ought to do.

. According to Bowie, environmentalist policies are contrary to a politician's self interest because:

Politicians do not care about the earth.

Voters do not care about the earth.

Lobbyists care only about big corporations.

Environmentalist policies are bad for the economy.

Environmental benefits are very long term, and the costs are short term.

. Singer's term "speciesism" refers to the belief that:

Other species should not be treated the same as humans.

Other species should be treated the same as humans.

The suffering of other species has no moral significance.

Everyone should be vegetarian.

Nonhuman animals can feel pain.

. What is Singer's point about pest control?

We should look for methods that cause animals less pain and suffering.

We should not kill pest animals, because they should be treated equally with humans.

We should consider restricting pest animals from breeding.

Both (b) and (c)

Both (a) and (c)

. Which of the following is a way in which certain GM crops are superior to their non-GM relatives?

Some GM crops have better nutritional content.

Some GM crops produce larger yields.

Some GM crops require less pesticide to protect.

Some GM crops are more resistant to fungus.

All of the above.

. Which of the following is a US government agency that has a say about each GM crop that gets developed and sold domestically?

The Department of Agriculture.

The Department of Defense.

The Environmental Protection Agency.

Both (a) and (c)

All of (a), (b), and (c)

. Many of the changes to the Flambeau River are due to logging.

TRUE

FALSE

. Luther Standing Bear understood the land as "tame" rather than as a "wilderness."

TRUE

FALSE

. For Sagoff, most important political decisions are and ought to be economic.

TRUE

FALSE

. Kant believed the individual to be a creator of values.

TRUE

FALSE

. The Kantian approach to valuation assumes that some policy recommendations can be justified on objective grounds.

TRUE

FALSE

. Baxter argues that it makes no difference whether we describe a cost in terms of dollars or resources.

TRUE

FALSE

. According to Baxter, our goal is an optimal state of pollution.

TRUE

FALSE

. Bowie says that business has a moral duty to protect the environment, over and above obeying the law.

TRUE

FALSE

. Singer believes that nonhuman animals have interests just as we humans do.

TRUE

FALSE

. Genetic modification of crops is something human beings have only started doing in the last several decades.

TRUE

FALSE

. Experts agree that GM crop technology and production in the U.S. are sufficiently well regulated.

TRUE

FALSE

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