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Return to The Oxford Textbook on Criminology 2e Student Resources
Chapter 30 Self-test questions
Quiz Content
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Which of the following are considered attributes of 'new' approaches to justice? (Select all that apply.)
Bringing victims and offenders (and others) together in justice processes
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Increasing the use of custodial sentences
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Prioritising and resolving problems associated with the commission of an offence
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Compensating victims for the harms of an offence rather than solely focusing on punishment
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'Formal determinations of guilt, assessment of offender culpability and need, mitigating circumstances, and standardised calculations of penal sanctions are all relevant for offence-based models of criminal justice.' True or false?
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False
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Which of the following are characteristics of offence-based alternatives to punishment? (Select all that apply.)
Identification of whose interests need to be taken account in resolving the offence
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A problem-solving approach specific to the context of the offence
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An appropriate deterrent-based punishment for the offence
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How any needs or expectations can be met in the offence-resolution process
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What is the underlying purpose of offence resolution?
Extracting compensation for victims
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Ensuring contrition or penitence from offenders
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Imposing appropriate sanctions for the offence
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Healing, redemption, normalisation, and reintegration
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Which of the following are attributes of restorative justice? (Select all that apply.)
Gaining reparation for harm caused by the offence
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Considering the offence and its ramifications
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Ensuring punishment of the offender
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Securing retribution for the victim
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Which of the following are key principles of restorative justice as defined by the Restorative Justice Council? (Select all that apply.)
Neutrality
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Accessibility
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Respect
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Cost-effectiveness
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'Modern restorative justice can be traced back to the problem-solving approaches of indigenous people.' True or false?
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False
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What is the principal characteristic of diversion as an alternative to punishment?
Early intervention of criminal justice processes
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Reliance on deterrent measures
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Minimal intervention of criminal justice processes
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Formal criminalisation and use of stigmatisation
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Which of these methods is used to deliver restorative justice?
Court-based structures which provide legitimacy
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A highly structured and centralised approach
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Informal and negotiated processes
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The threat of further custodial interventions
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'Restorative practice can be used to build strong communities and to ensure that disputes and disagreements are dealt with _______ and constructively' (Restorative Justice Council). What is the missing word in this statement?
firmly
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positively
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swiftly
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cost-effectively
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What is meant by restorative justice 'conferencing'?
A meeting between criminal justice professionals
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A meeting between police and probation staff to decide on community sentence terms
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A meeting between offender and victim and both parties' family and friends
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A meeting at which the victim addresses members of their community
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What does the 'YRD' scheme do?
It uses restorative justice to hold young people to account for minor crime and disorder
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It deploys social exclusion orders to address youth offending
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It means young people do not face consequences for minor crime and disorder
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It delays resolution of crimes and misdemeanours until at least a year after they are committed
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What are some of the advantages of alternatives to punishment? (Select all that apply.)
They tend to be popular with the public
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They can be cheaper than conventional approaches
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They are capable of reducing reoffending rates
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They offer benefits to both victims and offenders
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How does restorative justice fundamentally differ from mainstream criminal justice?
It is about abolishing criminal justice processes
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It is about pursuing formal processes of fault-finding, blame, and punishment
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It aims to resolve problems through negotiation and making good the effects of harm
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It allows offenders to evade responsibility for criminal actions
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Which of the following is seen as a wider consequence of alternative approaches to justice?
Enhanced social cohesion and reintegration of offenders
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Greater respect for formal criminal justice processes
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Greater opportunities for financial benefit to communities
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Displacement of crime
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What are some of the limitations on the take-up and application of alternatives to punishment? (Select all that apply.)
There is a lack of consensus on the best approaches
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Punishment has been proven to be more effective
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Offenders may not experience alternatives as any less than punishment
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Punishment is cheaper
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