Community and Ecosystem Conservation
Classification of Protected Areas
- Strict nature reserves and wilderness areas (Category I)
- National parks (Category II)
- Natural monuments (Category III)
- Habitat/species management area (Category IV)
- Protected landscape/seascape (Category V)
- Managed resource protected area (Category VI)
Global Status of Protected Areas
Approaches for Choosing Protected Areas
- Hotspots of biodiversity
- Ecoregions
- Box 14.1 Case in Point: Conserving Half: A Bold Agenda for Conservation
- Political and economic boundaries
- Ecosystem services
- Areas of cultural importance
Effectiveness of Protected Areas
- Terrestrial protected areas
- Marine protected areas
- Box 14.2 Success Story: Innovative Partnerships Protect One of Earth’s Last Remaining Marine Wilderness Areas
Impacts on Human Well-Being
Predictors of Success
- Effective management
- Stakeholder and community involvement
- Integrated social development and conservation goals
- Box 14.3 Challenges & Opportunities: Fences and Fines… or… Integrated Conservation and Development?