Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.

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