The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.
A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.
An arrangement in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and required to serve under them in war.
The native, common spoken language of a particular region.
The law of the church.
The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.
The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.
All territories within France controlled directly by the king.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.
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