Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE
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The law of the church.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

A trade network of allied ports along the North Sea and Baltic coasts, founded in 1256.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.

The period 1378-1417, marked by divided papal allegiances in Latin Christendom.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

A term initiated by William I to designate feudal vassals who held lands in return for service and loyalty to the king.

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

A written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act.

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