Chapter 8 Quiz

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. __________ was the pivot point between Greco-pagan and Christian thinking.

Aquinas correct incorrect

Avicenna correct incorrect

Augustine correct incorrect

Anselm correct incorrect

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. Neoplatonism is a philosophical view that blends __________.

Plato's metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or nonreligious ideas correct incorrect

Plato's metaphysics and other materialist or religious ideas correct incorrect

Aristotle's metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or religious ideas correct incorrect

Plato's metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or religious ideas correct incorrect

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. A truth that could not have been false is a(n) __________ truth.

objective correct incorrect

necessary correct incorrect

modal correct incorrect

religious correct incorrect

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. Augustine argues for degrees of reality, which reflects the influence of __________ on his thought.

Plato correct incorrect

Aristotle correct incorrect

the Stoics correct incorrect

Pythagoras correct incorrect

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. Augustine defines evil as the privation of __________.

reality correct incorrect

good correct incorrect

God correct incorrect

faith correct incorrect

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. An ontological argument reasons from __________.

apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer correct incorrect

the concept of God to the existence of God correct incorrect

the existence of the universe or cosmos to the existence of God correct incorrect

the fact of cause and effect to a first cause, namely God correct incorrect

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. According to Kant, to say that something exists is to __________.

add an additional property to it correct incorrect

postulate a change in the thing's essence correct incorrect

not add any additional property to it correct incorrect

add a concept to the concept of the thing correct incorrect

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. According to Kant's criticism of the ontological argument, "being" is not a real __________.

predicate correct incorrect

concept correct incorrect

idea correct incorrect

contradiction correct incorrect

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. Aquinas's thought is deeply influenced by __________.

Heraclitus correct incorrect

Parmenides correct incorrect

Plato correct incorrect

Aristotle correct incorrect

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. A cosmological argument reasons from __________.

apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer correct incorrect

the concept of God to the existence of God correct incorrect

the existence of the universe to the existence of God correct incorrect

the fact of cause and effect to a first cause, namely God correct incorrect

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. Natural law theory is the view that right actions are those that __________.

conform to God's commands correct incorrect

promote human happiness correct incorrect

conform to universal law correct incorrect

conform to moral standards rationally discernable in nature correct incorrect

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. According to the doctrine of __________, __________ is not one of the four "tests" that an action must pass to be judged morally permissible.

bad effect; the action itself must be morally permissible correct incorrect

causation; the end does not justify the means correct incorrect

double effect; the end justifies the means correct incorrect

good effect; the bad effect can be foreseen but never intended correct incorrect

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. Avicenna contributed to distinctions in __________.

ontology correct incorrect

optometry correct incorrect

zoology correct incorrect

epistemology correct incorrect

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. Avicenna developed a sophisticated __________ argument, used later by __________.

ontological; Anselm correct incorrect

cosmological; Aquinas correct incorrect

cosmological; Anselm correct incorrect

ontological; Aquinas correct incorrect

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. Maimonides attempts to reconcile religious tradition with philosophy, especially __________ thought.

Anselm's correct incorrect

Aquinas's correct incorrect

Platonic correct incorrect

Aristotelian correct incorrect

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. According to Gaunilo's criticism of Anselm, being is not a predicate.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Augustine advocates skepticism because he believes there is nothing about which we cannot be mistaken.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Aquinas fused Plato's philosophy with Christian doctrine.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Avicenna argues for the existence of an immaterial soul.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. According to Augustine, moral evil is evil that comes from demonic influences on people's choices and actions.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Ontological arguments reason from the concept of God to the existence of God.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Teleological arguments reason from apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The doctrine of double effect disallows bad consequences stemming from good actions.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. According to Maimonides, there can be no contradiction between religious texts and the deliverances of reason.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Natural law theory is undergirded by a teleological conception of nature.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect