Chapter 9 Self-Quiz

. A statement, according to Aristotle, is

like a prayer.

composed of three or more terms.

like knowledge, always true.

either true or false.

. In a syllogism,

the conclusion follows from the premises.

there are always exactly three terms.

the premises must be true if the conclusion is true.

if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

. The first principles of a science are

the clearest and most certain things we know.

arrived at by demonstration.

proved to be true through syllogistic reasoning.

unknowable.

. In Aristotle's account of the four causes,

the efficient cause of the world is God.

a final cause is pure potentiality.

the formal cause is the three-dimensional shape (or form) that a material object has.

the material cause is the one that explains the individuality of things.

. Pleasure, for Aristotle, is

never to be sought as an end.

the end that humans are naturally motivated by.

unsuitable as the principal end for rational creatures.

the reason we should be virtuous.

. Virtue, Aristotle says, is defined by a mean relative to us. He means that

facts about an individual and her circumstances are relevant to what should be done.

we all have different values.

if you think x is the right thing to do, who's to say you are wrong?

there are no virtues common to all.

. Suppose I do something wrong, but offer an excuse. Which of these excuses, if true, would be acceptable, according to Aristotle?

I didn't know that was wrong.

My parents mistreated me when I was young.

I did it to Jones because Jones did it to me.

I was forced to do it.

. God, Aristotle says,

cares for his creatures as a father cares for his child.

functions as the final cause for the world.

knows the number of hairs on each person's head.

is a moved unmover.

. Soul, according to Aristotle, is

the unique possession of rational creatures such as humans.

a primary substance.

common to all nature-facts.

the form of a living body.

. Aristotle defines happiness (eudaemonia) as

harmony in the soul.

a feeling of excellence (arete) pervading the soul.

activity of the soul in accord with reason.

whatever makes you feel good about yourself.

. Aristotle differs from Plato in

believing knowledge is different from opinion.

holding that something like a puppy is as real as anything can be.

loving wisdom less.

being more otherworldly than Plato.

. Aristotle explains change in terms of

atoms and the void.

flux and opposition.

the vortex motion of the universe.

actuality and potentiality.

. Nature is purposive, Aristotle says, in virtue of

the plan God had in mind when he created nature.

intentions resident in every nature-fact.

the entelechy resident in things.

our using nature for our own purposes.

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