WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:15.970 align:middle line:90% 00:00:15.970 --> 00:00:18.970 align:middle line:84% Hello, and welcome to a quick tutorial 00:00:18.970 --> 00:00:23.620 align:middle line:84% that is going to take a look at the textbook dataset in Excel. 00:00:23.620 --> 00:00:25.540 align:middle line:84% Now, before we get started, I do want 00:00:25.540 --> 00:00:28.630 align:middle line:84% to talk a little bit about Excel and how Excel is set up it. 00:00:28.630 --> 00:00:30.220 align:middle line:90% It is a giant spreadsheet. 00:00:30.220 --> 00:00:31.930 align:middle line:90% For our purposes, the columns-- 00:00:31.930 --> 00:00:34.090 align:middle line:84% as you can see here, I'm pointing to the columns-- 00:00:34.090 --> 00:00:36.580 align:middle line:84% each of these are going to be individual items. 00:00:36.580 --> 00:00:39.130 align:middle line:84% Now, these are going to correspond with the survey 00:00:39.130 --> 00:00:41.380 align:middle line:84% that we collected for our book, Quantitative 00:00:41.380 --> 00:00:44.260 align:middle line:84% Research for Communication: A Hands-On Approach. 00:00:44.260 --> 00:00:46.180 align:middle line:84% So these are the individual items. 00:00:46.180 --> 00:00:49.780 align:middle line:84% Now, the rows are going to be, starting with number 2 here, 00:00:49.780 --> 00:00:52.450 align:middle line:84% are the participants who completed this. 00:00:52.450 --> 00:00:54.860 align:middle line:84% For example, we have person number 1 right here. 00:00:54.860 --> 00:00:56.830 align:middle line:84% That's why you see the ID next to their name. 00:00:56.830 --> 00:00:59.560 align:middle line:84% That was the order they were entered and we collected them. 00:00:59.560 --> 00:01:03.520 align:middle line:84% So their first score for the very first item on the PRCA-24 00:01:03.520 --> 00:01:04.629 align:middle line:90% was a 2. 00:01:04.629 --> 00:01:07.840 align:middle line:84% Their last score, if we come way over here, was a 1. 00:01:07.840 --> 00:01:10.150 align:middle line:84% So you can see that they have 24 items. 00:01:10.150 --> 00:01:14.440 align:middle line:84% Here is the entire survey for the PRCA-24. 00:01:14.440 --> 00:01:17.200 align:middle line:84% All 24 of those items, when added together, 00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:20.530 align:middle line:84% create the composite score for communication apprehension, 00:01:20.530 --> 00:01:24.400 align:middle line:84% or the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension 24. 00:01:24.400 --> 00:01:26.870 align:middle line:84% And you can go through and look at that. 00:01:26.870 --> 00:01:28.750 align:middle line:84% We also come over to the right, where 00:01:28.750 --> 00:01:30.490 align:middle line:84% we start seeing some of the variables 00:01:30.490 --> 00:01:32.600 align:middle line:90% that we would actually utilize. 00:01:32.600 --> 00:01:35.920 align:middle line:84% For example, you're going to see here starting with sex, the sex 00:01:35.920 --> 00:01:37.330 align:middle line:90% column right here. 00:01:37.330 --> 00:01:38.560 align:middle line:90% This is biological sex. 00:01:38.560 --> 00:01:41.140 align:middle line:84% Then we have their political affiliation, their class, 00:01:41.140 --> 00:01:43.150 align:middle line:84% how much time they spend online, their age, what 00:01:43.150 --> 00:01:45.410 align:middle line:84% edition of the book was the data collected. 00:01:45.410 --> 00:01:47.170 align:middle line:84% Then we get to these composite scores. 00:01:47.170 --> 00:01:49.780 align:middle line:84% So we were looking at those 24 items for the Communication 00:01:49.780 --> 00:01:51.250 align:middle line:90% Apprehension 24. 00:01:51.250 --> 00:01:53.020 align:middle line:90% This is the composite score. 00:01:53.020 --> 00:01:56.110 align:middle line:84% So for that very first person, their composite score 00:01:56.110 --> 00:01:59.440 align:middle line:84% when you added up all their items was 61. 00:01:59.440 --> 00:02:01.960 align:middle line:84% So this is kind of the basic layout. 00:02:01.960 --> 00:02:04.690 align:middle line:84% Now, for our purposes, what we are going to be using 00:02:04.690 --> 00:02:07.706 align:middle line:84% is a great little plug-in called Statistician. 00:02:07.706 --> 00:02:09.789 align:middle line:84% Now, I'm going to come over here to their website. 00:02:09.789 --> 00:02:11.014 align:middle line:90% This is Statistician. 00:02:11.014 --> 00:02:13.180 align:middle line:84% And one of the things that I like about Statistician 00:02:13.180 --> 00:02:15.250 align:middle line:90% is, it's very easy to use. 00:02:15.250 --> 00:02:18.580 align:middle line:84% And honestly, it's probably one of the cheapest plug-ins I've 00:02:18.580 --> 00:02:20.590 align:middle line:90% seen specifically for Excel. 00:02:20.590 --> 00:02:23.860 align:middle line:84% The plug-in itself is only $19.95. 00:02:23.860 --> 00:02:26.380 align:middle line:84% Which for plug-ins in Excel for statistics 00:02:26.380 --> 00:02:29.840 align:middle line:84% is actually very, very, very inexpensive. 00:02:29.840 --> 00:02:33.580 align:middle line:84% So you can actually go to their website at stataddin.com. 00:02:33.580 --> 00:02:35.420 align:middle line:84% There are some other ones that exist. 00:02:35.420 --> 00:02:38.620 align:middle line:84% But they are going to be a lot more expensive, which is why 00:02:38.620 --> 00:02:40.480 align:middle line:90% we are looking at Statistician. 00:02:40.480 --> 00:02:44.331 align:middle line:84% There are also some things that you can get right in Excel 00:02:44.331 --> 00:02:44.830 align:middle line:90% itself. 00:02:44.830 --> 00:02:46.690 align:middle line:84% There is their Data Functions tab. 00:02:46.690 --> 00:02:49.780 align:middle line:84% Which you can download that from the Office website. 00:02:49.780 --> 00:02:52.729 align:middle line:84% So there are a lot of things that are built into Excel. 00:02:52.729 --> 00:02:54.520 align:middle line:84% You can look at all the different formulas. 00:02:54.520 --> 00:02:56.740 align:middle line:84% Like, if you come here, you can look. 00:02:56.740 --> 00:02:58.150 align:middle line:90% They have a bunch of formulas. 00:02:58.150 --> 00:03:00.280 align:middle line:84% They even have some stats formulas that 00:03:00.280 --> 00:03:02.120 align:middle line:90% are actually built into this. 00:03:02.120 --> 00:03:04.030 align:middle line:90% So that's nice too. 00:03:04.030 --> 00:03:07.450 align:middle line:84% But again, I'm going to show you why that Statistician add-in is 00:03:07.450 --> 00:03:09.650 align:middle line:84% going to be your friend later on. 00:03:09.650 --> 00:03:12.880 align:middle line:84% Now, there are some inherent limitations to Excel. 00:03:12.880 --> 00:03:15.880 align:middle line:84% One of the biggest ones is, it doesn't do well 00:03:15.880 --> 00:03:17.620 align:middle line:90% when it comes to missing data. 00:03:17.620 --> 00:03:21.170 align:middle line:84% Let's come down and look at person number 22. 00:03:21.170 --> 00:03:23.800 align:middle line:84% So you're going to see that they didn't fill out pretty much 00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:25.690 align:middle line:90% most of the PRCA-24. 00:03:25.690 --> 00:03:27.550 align:middle line:84% They kind of started only filling things out 00:03:27.550 --> 00:03:29.950 align:middle line:90% when it came to ethnocentrism. 00:03:29.950 --> 00:03:32.380 align:middle line:84% And so we end up with a case where there's just 00:03:32.380 --> 00:03:34.890 align:middle line:90% missing information from them. 00:03:34.890 --> 00:03:38.710 align:middle line:84% So unfortunately, one of the things that becomes problematic 00:03:38.710 --> 00:03:42.076 align:middle line:84% is, Excel does not know how to handle missing information. 00:03:42.076 --> 00:03:44.200 align:middle line:84% There are some other programs that you can download 00:03:44.200 --> 00:03:45.770 align:middle line:90% that are very expensive. 00:03:45.770 --> 00:03:48.040 align:middle line:84% But it's going to inherently cause problems. 00:03:48.040 --> 00:03:50.890 align:middle line:84% Because we just don't have the ability to handle that. 00:03:50.890 --> 00:03:52.850 align:middle line:84% For that reason, this whole giant data 00:03:52.850 --> 00:03:54.940 align:middle line:84% set that I have right here in front of me 00:03:54.940 --> 00:03:59.020 align:middle line:84% would not be able to be analyzed easily in Excel. 00:03:59.020 --> 00:04:01.080 align:middle line:84% So instead, one of the things that I have here 00:04:01.080 --> 00:04:06.700 align:middle line:84% is what is called the shortened no missing data. 00:04:06.700 --> 00:04:09.340 align:middle line:84% Basically, what the shortened no missing data has done is, 00:04:09.340 --> 00:04:13.540 align:middle line:84% I've gone through and deleted any type of missing data 00:04:13.540 --> 00:04:15.700 align:middle line:90% that existed within our file. 00:04:15.700 --> 00:04:17.649 align:middle line:90% Now, here is the reality. 00:04:17.649 --> 00:04:20.974 align:middle line:84% If we come over here to the full textbook dataset-- 00:04:20.974 --> 00:04:22.390 align:middle line:84% scroll all the way down, and we'll 00:04:22.390 --> 00:04:23.764 align:middle line:84% see how many participants we had. 00:04:23.764 --> 00:04:26.840 align:middle line:90% We had 654 participants. 00:04:26.840 --> 00:04:28.990 align:middle line:84% I come over here to the shortened version. 00:04:28.990 --> 00:04:33.130 align:middle line:84% You're going to see that it drops down to 550. 00:04:33.130 --> 00:04:36.670 align:middle line:84% So that means that, out of the 654, almost 100 00:04:36.670 --> 00:04:41.780 align:middle line:84% of our participants missed at least one item somewhere. 00:04:41.780 --> 00:04:44.800 align:middle line:84% And as such, they had to be tossed out so 00:04:44.800 --> 00:04:48.042 align:middle line:84% that Excel could be able to handle these results. 00:04:48.042 --> 00:04:50.500 align:middle line:84% And so it is one of those things that's really frustrating. 00:04:50.500 --> 00:04:54.070 align:middle line:84% That's also why, when it comes to having complete data, 00:04:54.070 --> 00:04:55.300 align:middle line:90% it really is useful. 00:04:55.300 --> 00:04:57.970 align:middle line:84% Or to have a very, very large robust data set. 00:04:57.970 --> 00:05:00.730 align:middle line:84% So that if you do have to throw out participants, 00:05:00.730 --> 00:05:04.900 align:middle line:84% you're not going to see too much change in your result. 00:05:04.900 --> 00:05:06.664 align:middle line:90% But that is a factor. 00:05:06.664 --> 00:05:08.080 align:middle line:84% And this is also going to be where 00:05:08.080 --> 00:05:09.788 align:middle line:84% some of the results that we'll talk about 00:05:09.788 --> 00:05:11.980 align:middle line:84% will greatly differ from what we actually 00:05:11.980 --> 00:05:15.610 align:middle line:84% see in the textbook, where we were able to use missing data. 00:05:15.610 --> 00:05:18.460 align:middle line:84% Which is, again, just something that Excel itself 00:05:18.460 --> 00:05:21.850 align:middle line:84% does not have the ability to utilize. 00:05:21.850 --> 00:05:24.584 align:middle line:84% So I recommend using the textbook data shortened. 00:05:24.584 --> 00:05:26.500 align:middle line:84% One of the other things you're going to notice 00:05:26.500 --> 00:05:29.410 align:middle line:84% is, I got rid of the individual items. 00:05:29.410 --> 00:05:31.914 align:middle line:84% So when we go back up here to the very top, 00:05:31.914 --> 00:05:33.580 align:middle line:84% you'll see all of these individual items 00:05:33.580 --> 00:05:35.050 align:middle line:90% for each of the scales. 00:05:35.050 --> 00:05:37.630 align:middle line:84% I just went and started this dataset with sex. 00:05:37.630 --> 00:05:39.899 align:middle line:84% And then I get into those summed scores. 00:05:39.899 --> 00:05:41.440 align:middle line:84% So this is just a little bit cleaner. 00:05:41.440 --> 00:05:43.270 align:middle line:84% It's a little bit easier to look at. 00:05:43.270 --> 00:05:44.770 align:middle line:84% And so it's definitely going to make 00:05:44.770 --> 00:05:47.680 align:middle line:84% our lives a lot easier when trying to handle statistics 00:05:47.680 --> 00:05:49.620 align:middle line:90% using Excel. 00:05:49.620 --> 00:06:03.112 align:middle line:90%